1. PD/H/PE Semester 2 Study Notes
By Andrew Newbound
© Andrew Newbound 2013

2. Any chemical substance, which when taken into the body, alters its function
Chemical change can be physical or physiological
What is a Drug
© Andrew Newbound 2013

3. Types of Drugs Groups Effects Examples Stimulants
Speeds up chemicals in the brain
Caffeine, cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy, amphetamines
Depressants
Slows down activity of brain and nervous system
Alcohol, cannabis, methadone, tranquilizers, codeine, morphine, heroine
Hallucinates
Alter senses, hallucination
LSD, magic mushroom (psylocibin), PCP, high doses of cannabis and ecstasy
Types of Drugs
© Andrew Newbound 2013

4. Patterns of Drug Use Who Where When Why 16yo (year old) boy School
Infected foot
Repair foot
14yo boy
BBQ
Family birthday
Felt like it
19yo male
In car
Driving to movies
20yo student
Stressed
‘Unstress’
25yo athlete
Olympic Games
Competing
To win
Patterns of Drug Use
© Andrew Newbound 2013

5. Drug Stats 1 in 5 deaths in Australia – caused by drugs
Tobacco + Alcohol – 96% of drug related deaths
39% of people use illegal drugs
1 in 3 deaths in people aged – caused by drugs
Drug Stats
© Andrew Newbound 2013

6. Why People Use Drugs Social Emotional Ill Addicted Effects
Improve performance
Why People Use Drugs
© Andrew Newbound 2013

7. Why People Don’t Use Drugs
Know what it can do
Responsibilities
Medical
They will be fine
Religion
Price
Why People Don’t Use Drugs
© Andrew Newbound 2013

8. Effects of Using Drugs Legal Economic Health Getting arrested Fined
Criminal Record
Death
Going broke
Losing Australia’s economy
Get money
Overdose
Being killed
Injuring yourself and others
Physiological
Heart
Cancer
Hallucination
Addiction
Effects of Using Drugs
© Andrew Newbound 2013

9. Effects of Drugs Medication Tobacco Alcohol Cannabis Short Term
Keep you alive
Pain relief
Varies with medication
Overdose
Death
Smelly breath
Faster heat beat
Brain activity reduced
Slowing
Blurred vision
Hangover
Drunk
Smell
Psychoactive
High
Intoxication
Stress relief
Respiratory failure
Hallucinations
Long Term
Addiction
Kidney problems
Shortness of breath
Persistent cough
Cancer
Heart attack
Stroke
Liver damage
Anxiety
Depression
Scitsafrenia
Bronchitis
Effects of Drugs
© Andrew Newbound 2013

10. Drug Classifications Drugs Legal Prescription Over the counter Illegal
© Andrew Newbound 2013

11. Drug Classifications Legal Illegal (Illicit)
Allowed By Law (but sometimes with restrictions)
E.g. alcohol, tobacco, caffeine
Illegal (Illicit)
Prohibited by law
E.g. heroin, marijuana, cocaine, LSD
Drug Classifications
© Andrew Newbound 2013

12. Drug Classifications Prescription Over the counter
Ordered by doctor/dentist
Bought at a chemist, checked by a pharmacist
E.g. antibiotics, sedatives, tranquilizers
Over the counter
Don’t need a prescription
Get some from chemist, super market
E.g. panadol (analgesics), cough mixture, laxatives
Drug Classifications
© Andrew Newbound 2013

13. Guidelines For Using Medication
Prescription medication – only used by the person whom they have been directly prescribed
Medications should only be consumed in the dosage and the method outlined on the prescription/packet
Leftover medication – disposed of correctly
Never take out of date medication
Guidelines For Using Medication
© Andrew Newbound 2013

14. Outlines For Using Medication
Stored – In a cabinet that is high and can be locked and cannot be accessed inappropriately
Do not mix with alcohol or other drugs
Check with doctor in advance about possible side effects
Outlines For Using Medication
© Andrew Newbound 2013

15. Smoking Is the number 1 killer in Australia today What is a cigarette?
Contains more that 4000 chemicals, many poisonous and carcinogenic (cause cancer)
Tar: sticky brown substance – stains smokers fingers, teeth, lungs. Carcinogenic
Nicotine: the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. Increases heart rate and blood pressure, makes blood vessels under the skin narrow
Carbon Monoxide: odourless, tasteless gas. Reduces amount of oxygen carried in the blood. Can lead to heart disease
Smoking
© Andrew Newbound 2013

16. Effects of Smoking Body Part Effects of Smoking (Short/Long term)
Brain
Stroke (L), less oxygen (s)
Eyes
Blindness (L) watery (S) bloodshot (S)
Nose
Runny (S) More colds (S) loss of smell (L)
Ear
Less accurate hearing (L)
Mouth
Gum disease (L) tooth loss (L) Smelly breath (S) Stained Teeth (L)
Tumours
Mouth (L), Brain (L), Throat (L), Lungs (L) Stomach (L)
Effects of Smoking
© Andrew Newbound 2013

17. Effects of Smoking Body Part Effects of Smoking (Long/Short Term)
Lungs
Emphysema (hard lungs)(L) Less Oxygen (S)
Heart
Coronary heart disease (L), increased heart rate (S), increased blood pressure (S), heart attack (L)
Stomach
Ulcers (L), decreased appetite (S)
Blood Cells
Thickened blood (L) destroyed blood cells (S), red blood cells carry less oxygen (S)
Fertility
Infertility (L), impotence (L)
Bones
Osteoporosis(Brittle bones) (L), weakened (L), cancer(L), decreased blood flow(L),
Feet/Toes
Gangrene (PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE (PVD)
Fingers
Stained
Effects of Smoking
© Andrew Newbound 2013

18. Every Cigarette Is Doing You Damage
Cut open blood vessels – can tell if they are a smoker
Damage – starts from 1st, worsens
Stop smoking – rate of worsening slows
Every Cigarette Is Doing You Damage
© Andrew Newbound 2013

19. Passive Smoking Breathing in smoke from people around you
Also called 2nd hand smoke
Increases rate of:
sudden infant death syndrome
Otis media (glue ear)
Risk for reduced lung function
Contributes to symptoms of asthma
Passive Smoking
© Andrew Newbound 2013

20. Standard Drinks 10grams of alcohol Full strength beer 250mL
Type
Amount
Full strength beer
250mL
Mid Strength Beer
375mL
Light Beer
468mL
Wine
100mL
Spirits
30mL
Who?
Per day (average)
Per day (maximum)
Men
4 standard
6 standard
Women
2 standard
Standard Drinks
© Andrew Newbound 2013