1. Regions & Industry 4.0 Discussion
CONFERENZA INTERNAZIONALE
GLOBALISATION, HUMAN CAPITAL, REGIONAL GROWTH AND THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Bologna, 20 ottobre 2017
Regions & Industry 4.0 Discussion
Francesco Prota
Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro"

2. INDUSTRY 4.0: key findings
Industry 4.0 describes the organisation of production processes based on technology and devices autonomously communicating with each other along the value chain in virtual computer models.
Industry 4.0 involves a series of disruptive innovations in production and leaps in industrial processes resulting in significantly higher productivity.
Challenging preconditions for successful implementation of Industry 4.0 have to be met as regards standards, work processes and organisation, availability of products, new business models, security and IP protection, availability of workers, research, training and professional development and the legal framework.

3. Technologies are transforming industrial production

4. Technologies are transforming industrial production
This transformation has profound implications for manufacturing employment, affecting everything from the size of the workforce, to the skillsets required and the locations of factories.

5. Decoupling productivity and employment
Productivity and employment, which rose and fell in tandem until the early 2000s, now show an increasing gap, reflecting the fact that humans are being displaced by machines for many jobs.

6. The heterogeneous impact of Industry 4.0
Impact between Member States will differ depending on their readiness to adopt new technologies and their general advancement in manufacturing.
The risks of computerisation is 56,2%

7. Disparities among EU Member States
Denmark, Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands have the most advanced digital economies in the EU. Romania, Bulgaria, Greece and Italy have the lowest scores on the DESI.

8. Disparities among EU Member States

9. Disparities among EU Member States
first we bundled production process sophistication, degree of automation, workforce readiness and innovation intensity into a category we called "industrial excellence". Then we combined high value added, industry openness, innovation network and Internet sophistication into a category we labeled "value network". Each category was measured using a 5-point scale, with "5" indicating that a country is excellently prepared for the Industry 4.0 landscape.

10. Which (industrial) policy?
Raising political awareness
There is no “one size fits all”
Horizontal policy may be not effective
Pilot
Major challenges as regards evaluation
Incorporate evaluation in policy cycle
Include social change and the emergence of new business paradigm