1. Chapter 14.3 & 15 Biotechnology
Pedigree Notes (11.1)
Chapter 14.3 & 15 Biotechnology

2. 14.3 & 15 Vocabulary Restriction Enzyme – page 403
Gel Electrophoresis – glossary
Biotechnology – page 419
Recombinant DNA – glossary
Plasmid – glossary
DNA fingerprinting – glossary
Genetic Engineering – deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material

3. 14.3 & 15 Biotechnology Standards: 4B.2 Objectives:
Explain how biotechnology is used in medicine, agriculture, and forensic science.

4. Genome Genome – organism’s complete set of DNA
Human Genome Project – sequencing 3 billion base pairs of human DNA & identifying genes

5. Biotechnology Biotechnology
Pedigree Notes (11.1)
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Using biological processes, organisms, cells or cell components to develop new technology.
Biotechnologists develop technology  useful in research, agriculture, industry, and medicine.
LIFE
Application of Science

6. Human Insulin produced
Pedigree Notes (11.1)
Tolerate Herbicides
Genetic Engineering
Deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material.
Goal  introduce new traits to organism
All organisms share same genetic code
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
Human Insulin produced
GM bacteria

7. Techniques Used to Manipulate DNA
Restriction Enzymes
Gel Electrophoresis
DNA Fingerprinting
Bacterial Plasmids

8. Restriction Enzymes
DNA is a long molecule  cut into smaller pieces to study it easier.
Restriction Enzymes – cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence

9. Gel Electrophoresis Separates segments of DNA based on length.
Electric current applied to gelatin in tray  one end of gel is positive and other is negative
Cut up DNA is added to negative end and DNA (which is negative) moves to positive end
Smaller DNA pieces move faster than larger ones
Dye is used and appear as bands or lines.

10. DNA Fingerprinting Each person has unique genome (DNA sequence)
Pedigree Notes (11.1)
DNA Fingerprinting
Each person has unique genome (DNA sequence)
EXCEPT identical twins  same genome
Gel electrophoresis  produce specific pattern of bands  creates DNA fingerprint.
Provides forensic evidence & family relationships.

11. DNA Fingerprinting

12. Bacterial Plasmids
Bacterial Plasmids –DNA ring in bacteria’s cytoplasm
Recombinant DNA – DNA containing genes from more than one organism
Bacterial plasmids used to create recombinant DNA  restriction enzyme cuts gene from foreign DNA & cuts bacterial plasmid  foreign DNA inserted into plasmid DNA  forms RECOMBINANT DNA

13. Bacterial Plasmids Creates Recombinant DNA

14. Cloning Nucleus of egg removed Foster mother Egg donor Fused cell
Cell donor
Donor nucleus
Fused cell
Embryo
Foster mother
Cloned lamb