1. Enzymes and Lactose Intolerance
Should be on screen as participants enter the room.
Start workshop on time—do not wait for “stragglers”
Welcome participants as they enter the room
Do NOT take time for participant introductions unless the workshop group is a very small one (less than 10 people)
Introduce yourself and briefly explain your teaching experience and current position
Explain that this workshop is sponsored by Science Take-Out, a small company that manufactures and sells hands-on science kits for middle or high school biology students
The company began as a “spin-off” initially formed to disseminate hands-on laboratory activities developed by the Life Sciences Learning Center, an outreach center at the University of Rochester.

2. Please complete the “Participant Card”
Because this workshop is supported through a grant from the National Institutes of Health, it is important that we collect data from workshop participants.
Please fill in the participant card during the workshop.
Use the space at the bottom and the back of the card to provide comments on the workshop or the kits used during the workshop. 2 2

3. Envision classroom use
Put your student hat on
Experience the kit
Put your teacher hat on
Envision classroom use
Curriculum integration
Support for students
When we do hands-on workshops we ask you to switch between two hats as you work—your student hat and teacher hat.
We want to you work with partners to experience the kit by completing the activity
We encourage you also have conversations about how you might integrate this into your curriculum and/or support your students.
If you have questions, please call me over while you are working on the activity.
Also, you may find me interrupting to provide further explanation as you work.

4. Student Handouts Quick Guide Safety Student Instructions
DISTRIBUTE 1 KIT and 1 STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS to EACH PER PAIR OF TEACHERS
Every kit comes with a sheet with a colored quick guide and safety instructions. Teachers should be keep this in the kit if they are refilling it.
Each kit typically come with ONE student instruction handout.
Teachers may make additional copies if their students are working in teams.
For today, you will be working in teams of 2.
One of you should use the student instructions in the bag. The other person should use the additional handout that we have provided.
Turn to this page

5. Introduction
When some people eat dairy products (milk, ice cream, and cheese), they experience digestive discomforts such as flatulence (gas), bloating, cramping, and even diarrhea. These individuals do not produce enough of an enzyme called lactase, the enzyme that digests lactose, a carbohydrate found in milk.
When undigested lactose accumulates in the intestine of a person with lactose intolerance, bacteria in the intestine feed on the lactose and produce waste gases that cause flatulence and bloating. Large amounts of undigested lactose may also cause water to diffuse from the blood into the intestine resulting in diarrhea.
The Enzymes and Lactose Intolerance activity begins with a brief introduction to lactose intolerance.
I would suggest reading this aloud to the class. OR consider “embellishing” the introduction and/or asking students what they know about lactose intolerance.
Would someone please read the introduction aloud. (If no one volunteers, then select a “reader”.)

6. Part 1: Modeling Lactase Activity
Lactase is a protein enzyme that digests (breaks down) lactose (milk sugar) into glucose and galactose (smaller sugars). The chemical equation below illustrates what happens when the enzyme lactase digests lactose (milk sugar).
In Part 1, students use paper models to illustrate the equation for lactose digestion.
For some students, visualizing what the reading passage and the equation say is difficult.
Active manipulation can help students visualize the role of lactase in lactose digestion.

7. Your lab kit contains a sheet of labeled colored drawings of “Molecules involved in the Digestion of Lactose.” Cut these drawings out.
2. Your kit also contains a sheet with the “Chemical Equation for the Digestion of Lactose.” Tape or glue the cut out drawings of the molecules in the appropriate boxes on this sheet.
Each kit typically contains a sheet of cutouts “Molecules involved in the Digestion of Lactose” and a “Chemical Equation for the Digestion of Lactose” sheet.
Take about 10 minutes to cut out the colored drawings and to work with your partner place these on the appropriate boxes on the “Chemical Equation for the Digestion of Lactose” sheet in the kit.
Active reading to develop literacy skills—matching written information with graphic information
Learning styles—some students prefer words and other students prefer pictures

8. The teacher instructions include a key
The teacher instructions include a key. Use the diagram on the screen to check your answers.
Consider suggesting that students review by explaining the “Chemical Equation for the Digestion of Lactose” sheet that they completed.

9. Part 2: Does Lactaid Really Digest Lactose?
There is a dietary supplement called LACTAID that contains the enzyme lactase. The makers of LACTAID promise that the lactase in this product will allow people with lactose intolerance to enjoy eating dairy products. Read the product information below from the box of LACTAID pills.
Read Part 2: Does Lactaid Really Digest Lactose aloud and “embellish” if you wish
What will you be doing in this part of the lab?
Your Task: Conduct an experiment to determine if LACTAID really works to digest milk sugar (lactose).

10. Students can refer to the quick guide to identify the materials they will need. We do not make a materials list. Instead, students are encouraged to refer to the quick guide in their kit.
Explain that labeling droppers and tubes means that kit components can be refilled and reused.
Please take approximately 10 minutes to work on Part 2.

11. The teacher information includes a key for the data you should have collected.

12. Part 3: Could LACTAID work in a person’s stomach?
One skeptical biology student suggests that LACTAID may work in lab tests but he is not sure it works if people eat it with their food. He points out that when you take a LACTAID pill, it gets mixed with the acid in your stomach. He learned in biology class that acids denature (change the shape of) enzymes so that they don’t work properly.
What is your hypothesis? Do you think that LACTAID mixed with acid will still work to digest lactose into glucose? Explain why or why not.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Our state standards place an emphasis on inquiry--designing, conducting, and analyzing the results of experiments.
Part 3: Could Lactaid work in a person’s stomach, engages students in designing an experiment to answer the question—do you think that LACTAID will work if it is mixed with information.
Read the introductory information aloud.
Ask two or three volunteers to read their hypothesis.

13. 2. Your lab kit contains a tube of “Acid” (vinegar) that has the same pH as the contents of the stomach. The kit also contains a dropper for the “Acid” and a Part 3 Test Strip.
3. Design an experiment to determine if LACTAID works when it is mixed with acid.
In Column 1 of Data Table 2, write what substances you will mix together in the circles on your test strip. You may not need to use all of the boxes in Column 1.
Be certain to include controls in your experiment to show that the lactase enzyme and glucose test papers work properly.
In Part 3, students design and conduct their own controlled experiment to test their hypothesis.

14. NOTE: The acid used in this kit is vinegar—addresses safety issues.
Students use some of the materials from Part 1 but also need at Part 3 test strip, tube of acid, and dropper labeled acid.
Please take 10 minutes to work on part 3. Be ready to describe how you set up your experiment and what conclusions you drew from your experiment.

15. LACTAID + acid + milk
LACTAID + water or no acid + milk (the control)
There are different levels of sophistication for the experimental design.
Does LACTAID work when it is mixed with acid???? Typically students will find that lactase will work when it is mixed with acid.
Does LACTAID work when it is mixed with acid? Explain how you could tell from the results of your experiment.
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16. Teacher Information Quick Guide Safety Key MSDS
One copy of the Teacher Information is provided when you purchase the kits.
The teacher information includes: Summary, Core Concepts, Kit Contains, Teacher Provides, Time Required, Hints for Reusing, and information of refill kit contents.
We also sell refills so that basic kit contents can be reused.
Quick Guide
Safety
Key
MSDS

17. www.sciencetakeout.com Purchase kits from
The kit you used today is available from Science Take-Out as a completely assembled student kit.
Please explore the website to learn about other STO kits.
You can download the complete teacher instructions so that you can see what you are buying.

18. Individual Assembled Kits Fully assembled individual kits
You have a brochure that includes information on other Science Take-Out kits and a price list. Visit the Science Take-Out website to get further information for each kit.
At the website, you can download the teacher information for each kit to help you decide which kits you would like to purchase.
Science Take-Out kits are available as:
Individual Assembled Kits like the kits you used in this workshop
Unassembled Packs that contain all supplies needed to make 10 kits
Refill Packs that contain supplies needed to refill the consumables for 10 kits
Individual Assembled Kits Fully assembled individual kits
Unassembled Packs All supplies needed to make 10 kits
Refill Packs All supplies needed to refill 10 kits

19. Help us make new Science Take-Out kits teacher and student friendly.
Become Involved
as a Field Test Teacher
Help us make new Science Take-Out kits teacher and student friendly.
Indicate this on your card. Science Take-Out will contact you with further information
Science Take-Out has received an NIH Small Business grant. Support from this grant will allow us to field test Science Take-Out kits
If you would like to be a field test teacher, indicate this by circling yes on your participant card. We will add you to our list for field test teacher recruitment. 19 19

20. Become Involved as a Workshop Presenter
Present a workshop to introduce colleagues to Science Take-Out kits
Visit the Science Take-Out website for further information
Science Take-Out has received an NIH Small Business grant. Support from this grant will allow us to field test Science Take-Out kits
If you would like to be a field test teacher, indicate this by circling yes on your participant card. We will add you to our list for field test teacher recruitment. 20 20

21. Thanks for being a GREAT group!!!
Encourage teachers to write comments on the back of the participant survey card.
Please remember to collect participant feedback cards!!
Please turn in your participant card
before you leave.