1. Ligaments
Is a cord or band of connective tissue uniting two structures & usually associated with joints .
The ligaments are of two types :

2. The first : are the common & composed of dense bundle of collagen fibers & are unstretched under normal condition
E.g. the ligament of the hip & elbow joints
The second type is composed large amount of elastic tissue , therefore is stretched e.g.
The ligamentum flavum of the vertebral column .

4. Blood vessels Are of three types : arteries ,veins & capillaries .
The arteries transport blood from the heart & distribute it to the various tissues of the body by means of their branches.
The smallest arteries less than 0.1 mm in diameters called arterioles .
The joining of branches of arteries is called anastomoses.
There are no valves in arteries.

5. Anatomical end arteries :
Are vessels whose terminal branches do not anastomose with branches of arteries supplying adjacent areas .
Functional end arteries :
Are vessels whose terminal branches do anastomose with those of adjacent arteries , but the caliber of anastomoses is insufficient to keep the tissue alive when one of the artery become occluded .

6. The veins
The veins : are vessels that transport blood back to the heart.
Many of them possess valves.
The smallest vein are called venules , the smallest veins or tributaries unite to form large veins which join with one another to form venous plexuses.
Usually the deep artery accompanied by two veins one on each side called venae comitantes.

9. The capillaries
Are microscopic vessels in the form of a net work connecting the arterioles to venules.
In some area mainly in the tips of fingers & toes , there are direct connections between the arterioles & venules with out the intervention of capillaries . This site called arteriovenous anastomoses .

10. Sinusoids
Like the capillaries but they have an irregular diameter & wider than capillaries .
They found in the bone marrow, spleen , liver, & endocrine glands.

11. Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic tissues & lymphatic vessels.
Lymphatic tissues :Are a type of connective tissues that contains large numbers of lymphocytes, the lymphatic tissues are the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, & lymphatic nodules.
The lymphatic tissues is important for immunological defenses of the body against bacteria & viruses.

14. Lymphatic vessels :
They are tubes which assist in the removal of tissue fluid from the tissue spaces of the body , the vessels return to the heart .
The lymphatic system is no closed cycle.
The lymphatic vessels are found in all tissues & organs except the central nervous system, eye ball, internal ear, the epidermis of skin , cartilage & bone.

15. Lymph : is the name given to tissue fluid once it has entered a lymphatic vessels .
Lymphatic capillaries: are a network of fine vessels that drain lymph from the tissues. The capillaries are in turn drained by small lymph vessels which unite to form large lymph vessels.
The large lymph vessels have numerous valves.
Before lymph is returned to the blood stream , it passes on lymph node.

16. The lymphatic vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node are called Afferent vessels & those that transport lymph away from a node are Efferent vessels .
The lymph reaches the blood stream at the root of the neck by large lymph vessels called the Right lymphatic duct & the Thoracic duct.