1. Infinitives
And Gerunds

2. Infinitives

3. What is infinitive?

4. An infinitive= to + the simple form of a verb.(to see)

5. USES OF THE INFINITIVE

6. A
The infinitive may be used alone.

7. We began to walk.

8. The infinitive may be used as part of an infinitive phrase.

9. We began to walk down the road.

10. The infinitive may be the subject of a sentence.

11. 1
The infinitive or an infinitive phrase can be the subject of the verbs:appear,be,seem,requireThe infinitive can be placed first:

12. 1 To lean out of the window is dangerous.
To save money now seems impossible.

13. 2
But it is more usual to place the pronoun it first,and move the infinitive or infinitive phrase to the end of the sentence:

14. 2 It is dangerous to lean out of the window.
It seemed impossible to save money.

15. 2
It here is known as the introductory it.Note its use with interrogatives:
Will it be safe to camp here?
The it construction is necessary here.Will +to camp is not posible.

16. To play the piano well requires a good sense of music.
To go on a trip is very relaxing.

17. In modern usage, it is more common to begin the sentence with “it”.
e.g. It requires a good sense of music to play the piano well.
It is very relaxing to go on a trip.
It is very important for students to study hard.

18. 3 Usually infinitive construction of this type consist of
it + be + adjective + infinitive.

19. 3 But sometimes a noun can be used instead of an adjective:
It is a crime/a mistake to cut down any more trees.

20. C The infinitive may be the complement of a verb:
His plan is to keep the affair secret.
My aim is to teach you English.

21. The infinitive may be the object or part of the object of a verb.D
The infinitive may be the object or part of the object of a verb.

22. It can follow the verb directly: He wants to pay.

23. Tom decided to sell his car. She hopes to win the lottery.
I hope to see her soon.
Tom decided to sell his car.
She hopes to win the lottery.
He decided to join the English Club at school.

24. D
It can follow verb + object:
He wants me to pay.

25. Peter asked me to take his sister home
. Peter asked me to take his sister home. Mother advised Tom to think carefully before he made his decision. The teacher did not allow students to shout in class.

26. D It can follow verb + how,what etc.
Can you tell me how to get to the station?
I don’t know when to answer his letter.

27. to-infinitives can be used with. question words like HOW ,
to-infinitives can be used with question words like HOW , WHERE , WHAT and WHEN.
e.g. I asked him how to get to the railway station.
We are discussing where to go for our holidays.
Please tell me when to take the cake out of the oven.

28. The infinitive can express purpose.

29. E
I am saving some money to study abroad.

30. Comes after the main verb …... He went to buy a car.
infinitive
Main verb

31. I went to open the door.

32. The infinitive can be used after certain adjectives:

33. angry,glad,happy,sorry,glad, lucky,prepared,pleased, F
angry,glad,happy,sorry,glad,
lucky,prepared,pleased,
determined,ready,surprised,
nice,impossible

34. We were sorry to hear the bad news. F
We were sorry to hear the bad news.
We are sorry to hear of your father’s death.

35. F I am glad to meet you. I am pleased to meet you.
I am happy to see you again.
I am lucky to be here.
I am ready to go.

36. K It's too early to leave the party.
The infinitive can be used with too/enough
It's too early to leave the party.
You are too young to go out late at night.
He's rich enough to afford a Porsche.
I’m strong enough to live without you.

37. as adjective
I have a lot of work to do tomorrow.

38. cost/take + object can also be used:
It costs millions to rebuild the castle.
It takes years to rebuild the castle.

39. VERB + INFINITIVE
Want to would like to promise to
Decide to refuse to plan to expect to

40. VERB + (PRO)NOUN +INFINITIVE
Tell someone to want someone to
Would like someone to allow someone to
expect someone to force someone to
remind someone to

41. GERUND

44. THE GERUND AS SUBJECT

45. It is easier to read French than to speak it.
Reading French is easier than speaking it.

46. GERUNDS AFTER PREPOSITIONS

47. When a verb is placed immediately after a preposition the gerund must be used:
What can you do besides typing?
Touch your toes without bending your knees.
He is good at swimming.
I am too afraid of losing you.
I am tired of arguing.
After swimming I felt cold.
What about leaving it here and collecting it later.

48. VERBS FOLLOVED BY GERUNDS

49. VERB + GERUND enjoy avoid quit mind suggest discuss stop
stop + infinitive of purpose

50. VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE WITH NO DIFFERENCE IN MEANING

51. begin start like hate
love prefer

52. VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE WITH A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING

53. Remember forget
Regret try

55. DERS KİTABINDAKİ FİİLLER