Cellular Biology Cellular Organelles.

Cellular Biology Cellular Organelles

-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate Example of indent Skip a line between topics Don’t skip pages Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. Nucleus DNA / Nucleoid Prokaryotic Pili Eukaryotic Flagella

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.
BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.
He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Time for student a student presentation of their organelle poster.
????? Cytoplasm

Nucleus

We are now going to go from the middle of the cell to the plasma membrane.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Largest organelle in the cell (dark spot)

Draw a cell with a nucleus.

Contains genetic information (DNA)

Proteins: Very important for cell functions.

Proteins: Very important for cell functions.
Anything that you can describe happening in a living organism, most likely proteins are either making it happen or regulating it. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Nucleus Largest organelle in the cell (dark spot)
The BRAIN of a CELL! Contains genetic information (DNA) Chromosomes are made of DNA Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Chromosomes are made of DNA
Set number per species. Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F F F Set number per species. Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

F orm F F Set number per species.
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). F orm F F Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F orm F ollows F Set number per species.
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). F orm F ollows F Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F orm F ollows F unction Set number per species.
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). F orm F ollows F unction Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Chromosomes / Chromatin
- Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

DNA is unwound for most of the cells life in the nucleus (Chromatin)

A B Which one shows chromosomes and which one shows chromatin?

A B Which one shows chromosomes and which one shows chromatin? answer is…

A B Chromatin (unwound DNA) answer is…
Which one shows chromosomes and which one shows chromatin? Chromatin (unwound DNA) answer is…

A B Chromatin (unwound DNA) answer is…
Which one shows chromosomes and which one shows chromatin? Chromatin (unwound DNA) Chromosome (Wound up Chromatin) answer is…

Chromatin winds together to create chromosomes so the cell can divide.
Called Mitosis.

Called Mitosis. Cell Division

Called Mitosis. Cell Division -Cell Divided -Chromosomes unwind back to chromatin -Nucleus reforms

Chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes for cell division.

Chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes for cell division
Chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes for cell division. (Mitosis=Cell Division) Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromosomes Chromosomes Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Chromatin Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Video! DNA wrapping / Chromatin Condensing.
How does DNA fit a lot of information into a small space? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

????? Cytoplasm

Chloroplast

Organelle in plants not animals.

Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Has stacks called Thylakoids.

F orm F F

F orm F ollows F

F orm F ollows F unction

The energy flow of life occurs because of plants
The energy flow of life occurs because of plants. Plants harness the energy from the sun, and pass it on to all other life forms. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

If a product is made of the following, it is made from plants, or old decomposed plants (oil).
Any wood. Any fiber / other than metals. Plastics (most are oil based). Chemicals (most are from plants and oils). All food. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2
Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis? A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 C) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O D) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 E) 6CO2 + H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 F) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2 G) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 H) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O3 + 6O2 I) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6CO2 J) C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy + 6O2 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2
Answer! Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis? A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 C) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O D) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 E) 6CO2 + H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 F) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2 G) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 H) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O3 + 6O2 I) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6CO2 J) C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy + 6O2 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Photosynthesis: Plants make sugar from sunlight.
Light energy is turned into chemical energy (sugars are carbon based). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Respiration – The plant burns the sugar to make energy.
Mitochondria Chloroplasts

Inside the leaf Mitochondria Chloroplasts

Chloroplast / Plastid Where Photosynthesis Happens.

Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is utilized to convert carbon dioxide and water into food to be used by plants. Oxygen is released into the air during the process. (O2) Light or solar energy is captured by chlorophyll (CHLOR-oh-phil), the green pigment in leaves. It is then converted into chemical energy which is stored as starch or sugar. These starches and sugars are stored in roots, stems and fruits. They are available to the plant as food or fuel. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Equation for Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2

Equation for Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide Water

Carbon Dioxide Water Sunlight

Carbon Dioxide Water Sunlight Sugar

Carbon Dioxide Water Sunlight Sugar Oxygen

Video Photosynthesis Song.

Activity! Playing in the giant Chloroplast Bouncy House to learn about photosynthesis.

Does anyone have a bouncy house?
Activity! Playing in the giant Chloroplast Bouncy House to learn about photosynthesis. Does anyone have a bouncy house?

“Oh well” Guess we will just take more notes.
Activity! Playing in the giant Chloroplast Bouncy House to learn about photosynthesis. Does anyone have a bouncy house? “Oh well” Guess we will just take more notes.

Almost finished! One more try. Find the Photosynthesis equation.
A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 C) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O D) 6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O E) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 F) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2 G) 6CO2 + 6H2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 H) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O6 I) 6CO2 + 6H6O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 J) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = CH12O6 + 6CO2 K) CO2 + 6H2O2 + light energy = CH12O6 + 6O2 L) 6CO2 + 6H2O + no energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 M) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 N) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 O) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O P) 6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O Q) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 R) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2 S) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 T) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O6 U) 6CO2 + 6H6O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 V) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = CH12O6 + 6CO2 W) CO2 + 6H2O2 + light energy = CH12O6 + 6O2 X) 6CO2 + 6H2O + no energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Y) 6CO2 + 6H2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Z) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O6 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! Almost finished! One more try. Find the Photosynthesis equation.
A) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 B) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 C) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O D) 6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O E) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 F) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2 G) 6CO2 + 6H2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 H) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O6 I) 6CO2 + 6H6O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 J) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = CH12O6 + 6CO2 K) CO2 + 6H2O2 + light energy = CH12O6 + 6O2 L) 6CO2 + 6H2O + no energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 M) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 N) 6CO2 + 6H2O + sugar = C6H12O6 + 6O2 O) 6CO2 + 6O2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O P) 6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6H2O Q) 6O2 + 6H2O + light energy = C12H6O6 + 6O2 R) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H2O6 + 6O2 S) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 T) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O6 U) 6CO2 + 6H6O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 V) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = CH12O6 + 6CO2 W) CO2 + 6H2O2 + light energy = CH12O6 + 6O2 X) 6CO2 + 6H2O + no energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Y) 6CO2 + 6H2 + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Z) 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O6 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Occurs only in cells with chloroplasts.

Produces sugar from light.

and water Trees grow from gas and water and gas (CO2)
Produces sugar from light. Trees grow from gas and water and gas (CO2) and water Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Oxygen is waste product
Oxygen is released. Oxygen is waste product Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

“What do you get when you combine a Hobbit from the Shire and a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide and water into sugar…”

“What do you get when you combine a Hobbit from the Shire and a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide and water into sugar…” Frodo-synthesis

Plants can get their energy from the sun by just sitting there, we have to go search for it, hunt, etc. We didn’t we evolve to be green and get our energy from the sun. Why aren’t we green? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! Because photosynthesis only produces a small amount of energy.

Did we learn something? Next slide

Mitochondria Chloroplasts Inside the leaf

(Different Organelle)
Respiration – The plant burns the sugar to make energy. Mitochondria Chloroplasts Mitochondria (Different Organelle)

(Different Organelle)
Respiration – The plant burns the sugar to make energy. Chloroplast Mitochondria Chloroplasts over there Mitochondria (Different Organelle)

Mitochondria Chloroplasts Burns the sugars using oxygen and releases CO2 and water

Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars.

Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars.
Plants harness the energy from the sun so we can live. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

“Thank you tree.” “Thank you for doing photosynthesis.”
Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars. Plants harness the energy from the sun so we can live. “Thank you tree.” “Thank you for doing photosynthesis.” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

“I love your sugars that you produce from photosynthesis.”
Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars. Plants harness the energy from the sun so we can live. “I love your sugars that you produce from photosynthesis.” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

????? Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Large organelle that makes energy for the cell.

Respiration – The plant makes

Respiration – The plant makes and then uses that sugar to make energy.

Which of the following colors is the correct color for the respiration equation. It is the opposite of photosynthesis. 6 CO2  6H2O + energy  6 CO2  6H2O 6 CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O + energy 6 CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2  6O2 + 6H2O Glucose is created using respiration + Carbon Dioxide. C6H12O6 + 6CO2  6O2 + 6H2O + energy 6CO2 + 6O2  6H2O + energy 6 CO2  6H2O + energy  6CO2  6H2O + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6O2  6H2O + energy  More energy + 6H2O Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer: 6 CO2  6H2O + energy  6 CO2  6H2O
6 CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O + energy 6 CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2  6O2 + 6H2O Glucose is created using respiration + Carbon Dioxide. C6H12O6 + 6CO2  6O2 + 6H2O + energy 6CO2 + 6O2  6H2O + energy 6 CO2  6H2O + energy  6CO2  6H2O + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6O2  6H2O + energy  More energy + 6H2O Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer: Lime Green 6 CO2  6H2O + energy  6 CO2  6H2O
6 CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6O2  6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2  6 CO2 + 6H2O + energy 6 CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2  6O2 + 6H2O Glucose is created using respiration + Carbon Dioxide. C6H12O6 + 6CO2  6O2 + 6H2O + energy 6CO2 + 6O2  6H2O + energy 6 CO2  6H2O + energy  6CO2  6H2O + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6O2  6H2O + energy  More energy + 6H2O Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Has folds (surface area) called cristae.

F F F Has folds (surface area) called cristae.

F orm F F Has folds (surface area) called cristae.

F orm F ollows F Has folds (surface area) called cristae.

F orm F ollows F unction Has folds (surface area) called cristae.

F orm F ollows F unction Two membranes.

Recycles wastes, produces urea.

Has its own DNA. Reproduce independently from cell.

Cellular Respiration: Processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules.

When you breath out, you are releasing water, carbon dioxide, and some heat.
These are the by products of cellular respiration in the millions of cells in your body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O.

Which of the following equations is the correct one for the respiration equation?
A) C6H12O6 + 6H2O = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. B) C6H12O6 + O2 = Released energy + C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + 6H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. D) C12H6O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. E) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. F) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. G) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 62O. H) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. I) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. J) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. K) C6H12O6 + 16O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. L) Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 =  Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! Which of the following equations is the correct one for the respiration equation?
A) C6H12O6 + 6H2O = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. B) C6H12O6 + O2 = Released energy + C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + 6H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. D) C12H6O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. E) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. F) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. G) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 62O. H) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. I) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. J) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. K) C6H12O6 + 16O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. L) Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 =  Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! Which of the following equations is the correct one for the respiration equation?
A) C6H12O6 + 6H2O = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. B) C6H12O6 + O2 = Released energy + C6H12O6 + 6CO2 + 6H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. D) C12H6O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. E) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. F) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. G) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 62O. H) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. I) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. J) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. K) C6H12O6 + 16O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. L) Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 =  ATP Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A) C6H12O6 + 6H2O = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. B) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. D) C12H6O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. E) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. F) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. G) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 62O. H) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. I) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. J) C6H12O8 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. K) C6H12O6 + 16O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. L) Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 =  Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A) C6H12O6 + 6H2O = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. B) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. D) C12H6O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. E) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. F) C6H12O6 + 6CO2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. G) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 62O. H) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Light Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. I) C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. J) C6H12O8 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O. K) C6H12O6 + 16O2 = Released energy + 6O2 + 6H2O. L) Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 =  ATP Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Learn more about photosynthesis, transpiration, and cellular respiration at…

Burns sugars for energy.

Answer. Muscle cells in the heart must always beat to keep you alive
Answer! Muscle cells in the heart must always beat to keep you alive. It has a lot of mitochondria in its cells to burn sugar for energy. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Carbon dioxide produced.
CO2 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Carbon Dioxide is the waste product
Carbon dioxide produced. Carbon Dioxide is the waste product O2 CO2 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What’s the term? Transpiration Water is produced.

Occurs in dark and light.

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Released energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O.

Please record this picture in your journal.

The carbon dioxide oxygen balance.
Photosynthesis Respiration Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The plant uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen during photosynthesis. Animals use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. Photosynthesis Respiration Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Note: Plants also have mitochondria. But fewer.
The carbon dioxide oxygen balance. The plant uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen during photosynthesis. Animals use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. Photosynthesis Respiration Note: Plants also have mitochondria. But fewer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

????? Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Time for student a student presentation of their organelle poster. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Start Student to use a laser pointer to complete the maze without stopping (Must be moving forward) / making a mistake / having to back track. You will be given ten seconds to study the maze. Finish

Start Finish

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R. for short)

F F F Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

F orm F F Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

F orm F ollows F Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

F orm F ollows F unction Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

Goes from nucleus to cell membrane.

Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system.

Ribosomes attach to and make proteins.

Which color represents the Smooth E.R.?

Makes lipids (fats)

Makes lipids (fats) and steriods.

Regulates calcium production.

Synthesizes carbohydrates.

Stores important enzymes

Ribosomes. Sites of protein synthesis (Protein is made)

Each cell contains thousands.

F orm F F Each cell contains thousands.

F orm F ollows F Each cell contains thousands.

F orm F ollows F unction Each cell contains thousands.

Composes 25% of cell's mass.

Miniature protein factories (Protein synthesis).

DNA makes RNA, RNA has information to make proteins.

Nucleus

Nucleolus Nucleus

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores

Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Protein Synthesis Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

DNA makes RNA, RNA has information to make proteins.
All cells and their functions require proteins.

????? Cytoplasm

Golgi Bodies

Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Bodies

Protein packaging plant

Sends vesicles of molecules to destination in cell.

What is that process?

What is that process? Exocytosis

Composed of numerous layers

Outgoing Vesicles Composed of numerous layers Incoming Vesicle

Enzymes and contents of lysosomes are made here.

Which letter is the Golgi Apparatus?
B C E D

Which letter is the Golgi Apparatus?
B C E D answer is…

Cellular Biology Cellular Organelles.

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