1. Absolutism and Revolution (1550–1850)
Lesson 3 The Triumph of Parliament in England

2. Absolutism and Revolution (1550–1850)
Lesson 3 The Triumph of Parliament in England
Learning Objectives
Describe the relationship between Parliament and the monarchy under the Tudors and Stuarts.
Explain how English government developed after the English Civil War.
Identify the causes of the Glorious Revolution and the ideas contained in the English Bill of Rights.
Identify the characteristics of limited monarchy and constitutional government in England.

3. Absolutism and Revolution (1550–1850)
Lesson 3 The Triumph of Parliament in England
Key Terms
James I
dissenters
Puritans
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
English Bill of Rights
limited monarchy
constitutional government
cabinet
prime minister
oligarchy

4. Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament
During the age of absolutism, English monarchs, like rulers on the continent, tried to increase royal power and claim the divine right to rule. Their efforts, however, ran into the obstacle of Parliament, which during the Middle Ages had acquired the power of the purse. Only Parliament could grant monarchs the funds they needed to pursue their ambitions. And Parliament at times stood firm against royal absolutism.

5. Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament
Henry VIII
Broke with Church of England
Believed in Divine Right but worked with Parliament
Elizabeth I
Likewise, worked with Parliament
Both of Tudor family

6. Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament
Henry VIII consulted with Parliament frequently. Here, he presides as chairman over the House of Lords.

7. Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament
Elizabeth died childless in The throne passed to her relatives the Stuarts, the ruling family of Scotland. The Stuarts were neither as popular as the Tudors nor as skillful in dealing with Parliament. They also inherited problems that Henry and Elizabeth had long suppressed. The result was a “century of revolution” that pitted the Stuart monarchs against Parliament.

8. Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament
James I Asserts Divine Right
Monarch passed to Stuarts and James I
Clashed with dissenter Puritans
Charles I Clashes with Parliament
Banished Parliament
Raised taxes
The Long Parliament Begins
Refused to dissolve
Executed some of Kings officials
Had to flee when King sent army

9. Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament
James I, the first Stuart king of England, ruled England from 1603 to 1625.

10. The English Civil War
The civil war that followed lasted from 1642 to Like the Fronde that occurred about the same time in France, the English Civil War posed a major challenge to absolutism. But while the forces of royal power won in France, in England the forces of revolution triumphed.

11. The English Civil War
Civil War lasted 1642 to 1651
Cavaliers and Roundheads
Cavaliers- supporters of Charles I
Roundheads supporters of Parliament and Oliver Cromwell
Execution of the King
1649- King executed
Shocked other European Monarchs

12. The English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell led parliamentary forces in the English Civil War.

13. Cromwell and the Commonwealth
After the execution of Charles I, the House of Commons abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords, and established the Church of England. It declared England a republic, known as the Commonwealth, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.

14. Cromwell and the Commonwealth
England Became a Republic
Challenges to the Commonwealth
Cromwell crushed opposition
Ireland?
Levellers
Became virtual dictator
England Under the Puritans
Puritan rules took over in the meantime
Laws to enforce religion
Examples page 448
Puritan Rule Ends
Cromwell dies 1658
People tired of Puritans
New Parliament restores Charles II

15. Cromwell and the Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell held power in England during the "kingless decade" from 1649 until his death in 1658.

16. Cromwell and the Commonwealth
The Puritans sought societal and moral reforms. How did Puritans feel about education?

17. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
In late May 1660, cheering crowds welcomed Charles II back to London. An observer described the celebration as a triumph.
This day came in his Majesties Charles the Second to London after a sad, and long Exile with a Triumph of above 20,000 horse and [soldiers], brandishing their swords, and shouting with inexpressible joy; the [ways strewn] with flowers, the bells ringing, the streets hung with [tapestry].

18. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
A Popular King
Reduced restrictions
Opened taverns
Opened theaters
The Glorious Revolution
James II, Charles brother takes over after his death
Catholic
Ticked off English Protestants
James Protestant Daughter Mary and Dutch Protestant Husband William III land with Army and take over country without a fight
The English Bill of Rights
Had to sign ensuring the superiority of Parliament
Covered many basic rights
Power of the Purse
A Limited Monarchy
England now a limited Monarchy

19. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
Crowds welcomed Charles II back after the monarchy was restored.

20. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
A common protest during the American Revolution was "no taxation without representation." Which outcome in England influenced that idea?

21. England’s Constitutional Government Evolves
In the century following the Glorious Revolution, three new political institutions arose in Britain: political parties, the cabinet, and the office of prime minister. The appearance of these institutions was part of the evolution of Britain’s constitutional government—that is, a government whose power is defined and limited by law.

22. England’s Constitutional Government Evolves
Political Parties
Tories- old traditions
Whigs- backed ideals of Glorious Revolution
The Cabinet System
Parliamentary Advisors to the king
The Prime Minister
Head of cabinet
Rule by an Oligarchy
Govt controlled mostly by landholding aristocrats

23. England’s Constitutional Government Evolves
Which house of Parliament was elected by voters? What impact do parliamentary elections have on the selection of the Prime Minister?

24. Quiz: Tudor Monarchs Work with Parliament
What was the main reason Elizabeth I worked with Parliament?
A. She rejected the notion of divine right.
B. She needed to raise funds.
C. She wanted Parliament to approve her royal marriage.
D. She wanted to be popular with her subjects.

25. Quiz: Stuart Monarchs Clash with Parliament
Which of the following was a provision of the Petition of Right?
A. Parliament had the right to appoint the king’s successors.
B. The king could not marry without Parliament’s permission.
C. The king could not levy taxes without Parliament’s permission.
D. Catholics and dissenters had the right to practice their religion freely.

26. Quiz: The English Civil War
What was one result of the English Civil War?
A. Parliament was disbanded.
B. Cromwell organized the New Model Army.
C. Charles I was executed.
D. The Long Parliament began.

27. Quiz: Cromwell and the Commonwealth
What was one result of Puritan rule in England?
A. Cromwell was eventually overthrown.
B. All religions except Puritanism were banned.
C. The poor gained a greater voice in Parliament.
D. More people learned to read and write.

28. Quiz: From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
Which of the following was a significant result of the Glorious Revolution?
A. English kings lost all their power.
B. England became a limited monarchy.
C. The theaters were reopened in England.
D. Parliament accepted the divine right of kings.

29. Quiz: England’s Constitutional Government Evolves
Which of the following was a chief characteristic of Britain’s constitutional government in the 1700s?
A. voting rights for all citizens
B. elimination of the monarchy
C. a cabinet system
D. suppression of religious dissent