1. Industrial Revolution Changes Technology and Work

2. Labour Aids the Industrial Revolution
Britain had a large supply of labourers
1000s of people moved from the country to cities and ready to work in factories
Some were labourers on farms
Some sold their farms due to enclosure issues

3. Government Aids the Industrial Revolution
Government of the time is pro-business
Business people had influence in government and were able to get parliament to pass laws that helped business grow
Government encouraged improvements in transportation and the navy was used to protect shipping lanes

4. Capitalists Aid the Industrial Revolution
A person with money to invest
Ready and willing to improve transportation and build factories for a profit
Willing to exploit workers in order to make money

5. Energy and Raw Materials Aid the Industrial Revolution
Britain had large deposits of coal and iron which were important to the revolution
Burned coal for heat
Steam engine used coal as fuel
Coal is used to make iron
Iron wheels used in factories
Iron and brass steam engines and bridge supports helped to grow the transportation industry

6. Textiles and the Revolution
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn.
Helped to make Britain rich and powerful
Major trade resource

7. Making Fabric in the Revolution
New inventions could speed up the steps and reduce workloads which means more money for manufacturers
The Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves
Allowed thread to be made faster
The machine had many spindles and was driven by a crank

8. Cloth and the Industrial Revolution
All cloth is made from plant and animal fibers
Wool from sheep
Cotton from the cotton plant
Hemp from the hemp plant
Silk from silk worms
Wool was the most important industry in Britain because Britain’s climate and geography suited sheep
Enclosures allowed farmers to breed sheep with thick wool

9. The growing industry increased the desire to acquire new colonies and new sources of raw materials
American South
New Colonies in India
British mills favored cotton with long fibers grown in the American south
This demand encouraged people in the south to become cotton farmers and increased the slave trade because slaves were used to tend cotton fields
New colonies in India were used to supply cotton as well as dyes such as Indigo
A blue dye created from a plant
Discouraged local industry as it would create competition for British industry
Gandhi wore local hand-woven cotton fabrics to protest British colonial practices

10. Traditional Power Sources
At the beginning of the revolution power was created by human might, horses, and running water
Water wheels used to run machines in small factories
Not very dependable sources of power

11. The Steam Engine
First invented by Thomas Newcomen in but perfected in the 1760s by James Watt
Steam engines powered all early locomotives, steam boats and factories

12. How it works
Like a kettle boiling that whistles when steam is produced
The whistle sounds when steam is compressed in the narrow spout of the kettle. If steam is put under pressure in a boiler, it can be harnessed to power a turbine

13. Recap: How did the Industrial Revolution Change Products and People
Before the revolution many of the products people bought were handmade and produced in small numbers by people working in their homes
Little separation between home and work
Now
People worked outside the home making products by machine in large quantities

14. Cottage Industry
Work involved in making products took place in stages by different workers in their homes
A business person would pay for certain work to be done
Work was passed from one person to the next
The completed product would be picked up to be sold
Cottage workers paid for piecework
paid for each piece of work they completed

15. Cottage Industry Can take care of family while working
Advantages
Disadvantages
Can take care of family while working
Could stay in your community
Could get free help from friends
No factories needed to be built by business owners
Worked long hours for little pay
Workers were isolated from each other
Isolated workers could not stand up against bad business owners

16. Spinning and Weaving Spinning and weaving all done by cottage workers
Many women spun fabric to supplement incomes
BUT
Poorly paid because almost anyone could learn to spin and weave fabric
Did not need to be an artist
Many people spun fabric so wages kept low

17. Cottage No More
The inventions of the Industrial Revolution made the cottage system obsolete
Most new machines were large and required a source of energy that individuals could not provide
Workers now in factories working together to make each product
All about efficiency

18. Britain's Transportation System
In the 1700s, the transportation system was very poor
Almost impossible to travel anywhere fast or easily
Muddy roads
Lack of roads
Waterways were used to transport, but you could not reach all parts of the country

19. Improved Roads
Private companies built new roads and charged tolls for its use
no cost to the government
Built roads with layers of crushed stone
Big stones on the bottom
Small gravel on top
Sides of the roads sloped to allow water run off

20. Improved Waterway Transportation
Investors began to build canals in the 1700s
These canals could carry materials and goods by boat or barge
Reduces the cost of shipping by ¾
Britain also developed steamships

21. Rail Transportation Investors put money into steam engines
Steam engines were developed that could power railway locomotives which revolutionized transportation
Linked factories to new markets