1. Road to Freedom

3. NATIONALISM
A feeling brought about by the discovery of a group of people of their identity that enable them to be united
Examples:
Similarity in terms of color and physical attributes
Similarity in language, beliefs, place or territory
Similarity in terms of goals and ideologies

4. Factors that gave Rise to Nationalism

5. 1. The Philippines was opened to World Trade
When the King of Spain announced the opening of the Philippines in world trade, a lot of countries became interested.
Philippine products were known
Transportation and communication flourished.

6. Newly rich businessmen and Chinese traders Spanish mestizo
2. BIRTH OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
Consisted of:
Newly rich businessmen and Chinese traders
Spanish mestizo
Those who attained higher education in the Philippines and in Spain (ilustrados)

7. Philippine Society during the Spanish Period

8. Peninsulares
Insulares
Mestizo
Indio

9. 3. OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL
November 17, 1869 – Opening of the Suez Canal
Ferdinand de Lesseps – A Frenchman who made the Suez Canal
Connects the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea (thus connecting Asia to Europe)
The travel from Europe to the Philippines was reduced from 3 months to 32 days.
Trade flourished
Prompted the influx of foreign newspapers and books that catapulted the Philippines to a new age

11. LIBERALISM
Equality, Liberty, Fraternity
Freedom of Speech, Assembly, Association
The Filipinos read democratic books such as:
Social Contract – Jean Jacques Rousseau
Treatises of Government – John Locke

12. 4. LIBERAL LEADERSHIP OF GOV. GEN. CARLOS MA. DELA TORRE
Queen Isabel II – was removed from her position in 1868 due to a revolution.
Carlos Ma. De la Torre – a liberal Spaniard
Brought liberal thoughts in the Philippines to be able to protect themselves from the abuses of the Spaniards
Showed love to the Filipinos
Allowed freedom of speech
Opened Malacañang to the people on July 12, 1869
Was replaced by Rafael de Izquierdo – an autocratic ruler

13. THE TYRANNICAL REGIME OF RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO
Re-imposed censorship
Banned all talks of reform and liberty
Stop the Filipinization of the Parishes in the country
Revoked the exemptions of Filipinos on force labor and tributes

14. 5. THE SECULARIZATION ISSUE
Secular Priest
Filipino priests
Provincial – refers to the head of the Secular priests
Regular Priest
Spanish priests belonging in religious orders such as:
Augustinians
Jesuits
Recollects
Dominicans
Franciscans
Archbishop and bishop – headed the regular priests

15. Council of Trent (1545-1563) – states that a secular priest can be a Friar Curate
Pope Pius V – allowed the secular priests in 1567 serve in the parishes due to lack of regular priests
Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa – started making the secular priests a part of the regular priests and giving them a parish to lead.

16. COUNCIL OF TRENT
POPE PIUS V
GOM-BUR-ZA

17. Religious Orders – opposed to the plan for they believed that Filipinos were not worthy to become Friar Curate
Msgr. Pedro Pelaez – Ecclesiastical Governor of the Church who believed that Filipino priests should be given a chance to serve.
Governor-General Simon de Anda – sided with the Filipinos
Father Jose Burgos – continued the fight upon the death of Msgr. Pelaez.

18. 6. THE CAVITE MUTINY January 20, 1872
Sergeant Lamadrid – led about 200 Filipino soldiers and workers in the Cavite arsenal mutinied.
Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo
One of the worst governor generals in the Philippines
Removed a lot of privileges enjoyed by the people in Cavite that led to the mutiny.

19. 7. THE EXECUTION OF GOM-BUR-ZA
ALL were graduates of UST.
Fr. Burgos – head of the movement; Letran Professor; Master of ceremonies of the faculty of UST; curate of the Manila Cathedral; born in Vigan
Fr. Gomez – founder of La Verdad; curate of Bacoor, Cavite; born in Sta. Cruz, Manila
Fr. Zamorra – curate of Pasig, Rizal; born in Pandacan; lost his mind before the execution

20. Father Mariano Gomez – more than 70 years old
Friar Curate of Bacoor
Had Chinese blood
Father Jose Burgos – 35 years
Friar Curate of Manila Cathedral
Insulares
Padre Jacinto Zamora – 73 years
Friar Curate of Marikina
Unfriendly towards the Spaniards
Offended Brigadier Oran – a governor in Manila which Padre Zamora did not gave honors when he visited Marikina.

21. Were sentenced to death by means of Garrote on February 17, 1872
Francisco Zaldua – A Filipino witness who was paid by the Spaniards
Claimed that he was the messenger of Father Burgos
Archbishop Gregorio Meliton Martinez – did not allow the removing of the habit of the three accused
Wanted the church bells to be played upon the execution as a respect to the three priests

22. SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR DEATH
NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS EMERGED
GOMBURZA became the battle cry of the propaganda movement
The Katipunan use the word GOMBURZA as one of its passwords
The Katipunan declared Feb. 17 as a commemorative day of prayer

23. THE BIRTH OF NATIONALISM
KING ANNOUNCED THE OPENING OF THE
PHILIPPINES TO WORLD TRADE
5. THE SECULARIZATION PROJECT
BIRTH OF THE MIDDLE CLASS:
THE ILUSTRADOS
6. CAVITE MUTINY: JAN. 20, 1872
THE BIRTH OF NATIONALISM
7. EXECUTION OF GOM-BUR-ZA: FEB. 17, 1872
3. OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL
NOV. 17, 1869
4. GOV. GEN. CARLOS MA. DELA TORRE
1868