1. A living creature too small to see with the naked eye.
Microorganisms
A living creature too small to see with the naked eye.

2. Scientific Classification System
Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti?
Domain - (3)
Kingdom – (5 to 8)
Phylum (over 40 for Animals alone)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. 3 Domains

4. 5 kingdom example

8. Another 8 kingdom classification

9. The 6 Kingdom classification system is currently pretty universally accepted and the one we are going to use and focus on.

18. cell's origin - 18 min

19. Why Protists?
Humans could not live on Earth if it were not for protists. Why? 
Plant-like protists produce almost one-half (50%) of the oxygen on the planet through photosynthesis!
Other protists decompose and recycle nutrients that humans need to live.
All protists make up a huge part of the food chain.

20. Humans use protists for MANY reasons:
Many protists are also commonly used in medical research. For example, medicines made from protists are used in treatment of high blood pressure, digestion problems, ulcers, and arthritis.
Other protists are used in scientific studies. For example, slimemolds (including D. discoideum, a soil-living protist) are used to analyze the chemical signals in cells.
Protists are also valuable in industry (food production). Look on the back of a milk carton. You will most likely see carrageenan, which is extracted from red algae. This is used to make puddings and ice cream solid (Figure below). Chemicals from other kinds of algae are used to produce many kinds of plastics.

22. From Algae to Fuels

24. Paramecium

25. Organelles
Organelles – structures in a cell that perform a special function.
Examples – contractile vacuole, food vacuole, nucleus, mitochondria.

26. Paramecia “parts”
Cilia - hair like appendages (moves food into the oral groove and helps the entire cell move.)
2. Pellicle - a membrane covering that protects the paramecium (like skin)
Macronucleus - larger nucleus which performs normal cell functions.

27. Paramecia “parts”
Micronucleus - smaller nucleus which is responsible for cell division.
Contractile Vacuole - contracts and forces extra water out of the cell
Radiating Canals – paths to the contractile vacuole.
6. Oral Groove (mouth pore)- collects and directs food into the gullet.

28. Paramecium “parts” continued
7. Gullet – Helps form food vacuoles and directs the food into them.
8. Food Vacuole - storage pocket for food and digestive juices.
9. Anal Pore – excretes wastes.

29. Paramecium “parts” continued
10. Trichocyst - used for defense, shoots threads out of cells!
Cytoplasm - intercellular fluid needed to contain vital cell parts.
11. Endoplasm (more interior dense liquid inside of cell)
12. Ectoplasm (more exterior clear liquid inside of the cell)

30. Paramecium Traits Move by cilia Single- celled Unique oral grove
Heterotroph (must eat their energy)

32. Amoeba

36. Amoeba

37. Euglena

38. Euglena
Food storage of starch

41. Protists Protists Organisms that belong to the kingdom protista.
They are NOT plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi.
A very diverse group of organisms.
Basically organisms that don't fit into the other groups.
Eukaryotic organisms (they have a nucleus)
They do NOT have specialized tissues.

42. Types of Protista
One way protists can be divided up is according to how they move.
Cilia - Some protists use microscopic hair called cilia to move. These tiny hairs can flap together to help the organism move through water or other liquid. (Paramecium is an example)
Flagella - Other protists have a long tail called flagella. This tail can move back and forth helping to propel the organism. (Euglena is an example)
Pseudopodia - This is when the protist extends part of its cell body to scoot or ooze along. (Amoebas are an example)

43. How do they eat? 
Different protists gather energy in different ways. Some are autotrophs (make their own food), some are heterotrophs (must eat food).
Some eat food and digest it internally.
Others digest their food outside of their bodies by secreting enzymes. Then they eat the pre-digested food.
Still other protists use photosynthesis like plants. They absorb sunlight and use this energy to make glucose. 

44. Algae - autotroph One major type of protista is algae.
Algae are protists that perform photosynthesis.
Algae are very similar to plants. They have chlorophyll and produce food using oxygen and the energy from the Sun. (However, they are not considered plants because they do have specialized organs or tissues. )
Algae are often divided up by their color such as red, brown, and green. 

45. Slime Molds – another Protist
Slime molds are different from the type of molds that are fungi. There are two types of slime molds: cellular and plasmodial. 
Plasmodial slime molds are made from one large cell.
They are also called acellular. Even though these organisms are just one cell, they can be very large, even up to several feet wide! They also can have many nuclei in their single cell. 
Cellular slime molds are small single-celled protists that can join together to work as a single organism. Different cellular slime molds will take on different functions when they work together. 

46. Amoebas
Amoebas are small single-celled organisms that move using pseudopods.
Amoebas are shapeless and eat by engulfing their food with their bodies.
Amoebas reproduce by splitting in two through the cell division process called mitosis. 

47. Interesting Facts about Protists
Many protists act as pathogens to humans. This means they cause diseases.
The disease malaria is caused by the protist Plasmodium falciparum.
If an amoeba is cut in half, the half with the nucleus will survive, while the other half will die.
The word "pseudopod" comes from Greek words meaning "false feet.“
Seaweed is a type of algae that grows in the ocean.

48. Virtual drops of pond water
all about the paramecium including video of eating red yeast

49. Units Kilo- thousands Hecto – hundreds Deca – tens -
Base (if meter is your base, m)
Deci – one-tenth
Centi – one-hundredth (cm)
Milli – one-thousandth (mm)
Micro – one-millionth (um)

50. paramecium quizlet flashcards
Mrs. McArthur's paramecium quizlet flashcards