1. Ch. 14- Scientific Revolution

3. Scientific Revolution
Gradual movement that consisted of a few hundred scientists over a period of many years (1470s-1730s) in different countries
16, 17, 18th Centuries
New Advances (especially in astronomy) captured public attention and allowed movement to gain cultural authority
Shift from Church or Ancient Rome or Greece  to Reason & Scientific Observation

4. 5 New Theories + Discoveries
1. Nicolas Copernicus
Heliocentric Theory
2. John Kepler
Planetary Motion
3. Galileo
Telescope
4. Isaac Newton
Law of Gravity
5. William Harvey
Circulation of Blood

5. Nicholas Copernicus
Questioned the Geocentric view of the universe sponsored by Ptolemy
On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres
Book written by Copernicus
Argued heliocentric view of
the universe

6. Tycho Brahe ( )
Made more extensive observations than any previous astronomer.
Advance Heliocentric view

7. Johannes Kepler 1571-1630 Brahe’s Assistant
Used Brahe’s research to advance Heliocentric view
The New Astronomy
Planets orbited around the sun in a elliptical fashion

8. Galileo Galilei
One of first astronomers to view sky with telescope
Popularized Copernican interpretation of heavens using empirical rationale evidence

9. Isaac Newton 1642- 1727 Principia Mathematic (1687)
Proved mathematically that planets and other physical objects moved through mutual attraction, or gravity

10. Philosophy responds to Science
God as a divine watchmaker: World is perceived in mechanical terms

11. Francis Bacon Novum Organum and The Advancement of Learning
Urged peers to continue search for truth in natural world
Encouraged Further Experimentation

12. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) Developed the Scientific Method
Discourse on Method
Argued that all thought should be founded on Mathematical model and rejected any thought not founded on reason

13. Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679 Leviathan People are born naturally evil
Human beings are at war with others and themselves
Rulers should have no limits on Power

14. John Locke
First Treatise of Government and Second Treatise of Government
People are born good
Government should protect basic rights: Life, Liberty, Property
Social Contract: People should enter into a contract with government to preserve natural rights

15. New Science and Religious Faith
Galileo- angers church with his interpretation.
Put on trial and sentenced to house arrest for his disobedience
Blaise Pascal- French mathematician who saw religion as separate from reason and Science.
Allied himself with Jansenists
Wager- Better to believe and get rewards and instead of not believe and face consequences

16. English Approach to Science and Religion
Rational God- scientific advancements are apart of god’s plan

17. Continuing Superstition
From an estimated 70, ,000 people sentenced to death for magic and witchcraft
Cunning Folk- people who possessed “special powers”
Church declares that only priests possess magical abilities.
Those who practiced magic outside the church were inspired by the devil

18. Women and Scientific Rev
Philosophy:
Margaret Cavendish- significant contributions to the field of Philosophy
Debated with Descartes and Hobbes
First Women invited to Royal Society of London
Observations upon Experimental Philosophy
Grounds of Natural Philosophy

19. Astronomy Maria Cunitz- Publishes a book
Maria Winkelmann- discovered a comet in 1702 and not given credit until 1930
Emilie Du Chatelet- translated Newton’s Principia to French

20. Important Outcomes
Emphasis on Reason & Systematic Observation of Nature
Formulation of Scientific Method
Expansion of Scientific Knowledge

21. FRQ
“The Scientific Revolution was not a revolution in Science, but rather was a revolution in thought.” Assess the Validity of this statement.