1. Essential Question
Discuss the following questions with your neighbors and be prepared to share with the class:
What are some of the responsibilities that you have as an American Citizen?

2. Chapter 6 Enlightenment and Revolution

4. Section 2 Enlightenment
Who has the right to Govern?
Old Idea: Monarch’s rule is justified by divine right
New Idea: Power of Gov’t comes from the consent of the governed.
Govern: rule
Consent: permission
Governed: citizens

5. Enlightenment Philosophy
Truth: discovered through reason
Nature: is good and reasonable
Happiness: find it now on earth
Progress: society and humankind can improve
Liberty: men are free to determine how they are governed and should be protected by law

6. Enlightenment Philosophy
Create a chart on the current page:
2 columns
5 rows
Title the left column “Beliefs”
Title the right column “Example”
Write each of the Enlightenment Philosophies in the 1st column
Work with your neighbor to write an example for each in the right column

7. Enlightenment Philosophies
Beliefs
Example
Reason:
Truth can be found through reason.
Nature:
The natural is also good and reasonable.
Happiness:
People can find happiness in this life.
Progress:
People and society can improve.
Liberty:
People should have the protection of the law.

8. Enlightenment Philosophers:
Met in Salons to discuss new ideas
All influenced US Bill of Rights, Dec of Ind, and US Constitution
Believed in progress for society
A more secular view
Faith in science
Salon: a room or place where intellectuals met
US Dec of Ind: Declaration of Independence
Progress: moving forward to the next level
Secular: worldly, non-religious

9. Locke: all people are born free & equal
3 natural rights: Life, Liberty, Property
Fundamental to US Dec of Ind
Right to rebel against unjust rulers

10. Voltaire: Freedom of thought and expression
I do not agree w/ what you say, but I support your right to say it

11. Montesquieu: separation of powers & checks and balances (influenced US Constitution)
Keep any individual/group from gaining total control of gov’t
Separation of powers: 3 branches of gov’t

12. Rousseau: wrote The Social Contract
favored Direct Democracy
Total equality for all men (no noble titles)
Contract: agreement

13. Beccaria: punishment should fit the crime
No torture
No capital punishment
Capital punishment: Death Penalty

14. Wollstonecraft: women’s equality
Women should be educated & participate in politics
Capital punishment: Death Penalty

15. Legacy of Enlightenment:
Belief in progress: use reason to solve social problems, end slavery, more social equality, democracy
Ex: a woman reading a novel
More secular outlook: use reason/science instead of religion/superstition to explain the universe and be tolerant of other beliefs
Ex: a woman allowing her child to have a smallpox vaccination
Importance of the individual: people use reason to decide right/wrong for themselves, not church or a ruler
Ex: a man attending a salon
Reason: logic, to make sense
Social: society, people
Tolerant: accepting

16. VIP Heads Choose 8 people from section 2 of chapter 6
Fold a sheet a paper into 8 sections. Put your name, date, period on the back in one of the sections.
In the middle of each section you will draw and color a bust (chest & head) for each person. If you cannot find a picture of the person, draw what you think they would look like.
On the left side of each section, at the top, write: the name of the person and the country they are from.
On the right side of each section, draw a speech bubble (like in a comic book). Inside the speech bubble, write TWO sentences that show that person’s philosophy and the influence they had on democracy.
Each section is worth 5 points: 2 points for the left, 2 points for the middle, 1 point for the middle.
******DO NOT USE MARKERS!!!! USE EITHER CRAYONS OR COLOR PENCILS!!!!!******