1. Hepatic veins (cut) Esophagus (cut) Inferior vena cava Renal artery
Adrenal gland
Renal hilum
Aorta
Renal vein
Kidney
Iliac crest
Ureter
Rectum (cut)
Uterus (part
of female
reproductive
system)
Urinary
bladder
Urethra
Figure 25.1

2. (a) Photograph of right kidney, frontal section (b) Diagrammatic view
Renal
hilum
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Major calyx
Papilla of
pyramid
Renal pelvis
Minor calyx
Ureter
Renal pyramid
in renal medulla
Renal column
Fibrous capsule
(a) Photograph of right kidney, frontal section
(b) Diagrammatic view
Figure 25.3

3. Figure 25.5

4. Glomerular capsule Glomerulus Parietal layer Red blood cell
of glomerular
capsule
Red blood cell
Capsular
space
Efferent
arteriole
Proximal
tubule cell
Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
• Macula densa cells
of the ascending limb
of loop of Henle
• Granular cells
Afferent arteriole
Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
Renal corpuscle
Figure 25.8

5. See pg. 20 in Atlas pg. 965 in HAP Figure 25.5 Renal cortex
Glomerular capsule: parietal layer
Renal cortex
Basement
membrane
Renal medulla
Renal corpuscle
Podocyte
Renal pelvis
• Glomerular capsule
Fenestrated
endothelium
of the glomerulus
• Glomerulus
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Ureter
Glomerular capsule: visceral layer
Kidney
Microvilli
Mitochondria
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Highly infolded plasma
membrane
Cortex
Proximal convoluted tubule cells
Medulla
Thick segment
Distal convoluted tubule cells
Thin segment
Loop of Henle
• Descending limb
• Ascending limb
Collecting
duct
Loop of Henle (thin-segment) cells
Principal cell
Intercalated cell
See pg. 20 in Atlas
pg. 965 in HAP
Collecting duct cells
Figure 25.5

6. Peritoneum Ureter Rugae Detrusor muscle Ureteric orifices Bladder neck
Internal urethral
sphincter
Trigone
External urethral
sphincter
Urogenital diaphragm
Urethra
External urethral
orifice
(b) Female.
Figure 25.21b

7. Learn more about Urinalysis at:

8. Sediments Found in Urine
(not normally found in healthy patients)
Ammonium ureate Calcium oxalate
Calcium phosphate Calcium carbonate
Calcium oxalate
Cholesterol
Calcium phosphate