1. Chapter 10 Study Guide Key
7th Grade

2. Vocabulary
Consuls _Two more powerful magistrates in Rome-one runs the army and the other runs the city
Assemblies-primary job was to elect magistrates in Rome
Tribune - elected officials that the power of VETO, in office to protect the plebeians (common people)
Senate - Advised city leaders in Rome; controlled city-finances. Members in Rome served for life
Dictator - ruler with absolute power, elected in Rome for 6 months periods during times of war – to make quick decisions, but 6 months to limit power
Magistrate - elected official (including 2 consuls) also managed finances, judges, and organized games and festivals.

3. Vocabulary
Checks and Balances System - put in place to balance power between the three branches of government
Veto - “I prohibit” in Latin. Part of checks and balances, to limit power of each branch
Romulus & Remus -Two brothers who founded Rome, were raised by a wolf/shepherd, fought over who should be the first king.
Hannibal - General from Carthage, fought Rome in Punic Wars famous for using war elephants
Forum- Public meeting place to discuss political ideas, shop, etc.
Civic Duty- responsibility of citizens to improve their city-jury duty, voting, etc.

4. Short Answers 1. What are the two major mountain Ranges in Italy?
Alps and Apennines
2. Describe the climate of Italy.
Italy has a Mediterranean Climate. Overall, Italy has a mild climate so they could grow a variety of crops which allowed for a surplus of food- -which could promote population growth

5. Short Answers 3. Who was the first king of Rome? Romulus
Romulus
4. What were the Punic Wars?
A series of 3 wars fought between Carthage (N. Africa-led by Hannibal) and Rome.
1st one is over the island of Sicily – Rome Wins – gains islands (3)
2nd one features Hannibal – he never attacks Rome – Rome wins again – Carthage must lessen military & pay large war fines
3rd one – Rome wins – burns Carthage – gains Northern Africa, Spain/Portugal – becomes an empire????
5. Describe the differences between Patricians and Plebian.
See chart in packet

6. Short Answers 6. Why did the Roman Republic have two consuls?
Because they don’t want one person to become too powerful-one would be in charge of the army and the other would run the city
7. Why would the Roman Republic elect dictators for 6 month periods? Give two reasons.
Dictators have, absolute power which means they don’t need votes, approval, no veto
-SO they wouldn’t abuse their power
-if they are a dud” “they are gone after 6 months
-decisions would be made quickly because they do what they want-they don’t need approval