1. Seminar report on IPv4 & IPv6
Presented By:
KIRAN KUMAR BEHERA
ROLL NO:08 C-56
REGD NO:

2. Introduction:
Internet protocol is defined as that it is the set of technical rules how computers are communicate over network. There are two types of internet protocols are present. These are
IP Version 4(IPv4)
IP Version 6(IPv6)

3. CONTENTS: Introduction Network layer Internet protocol IPv4
N/W addressing in IPv4
Datagram format for IPv4
IPv6
Packet format for IPv6
Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
Conclusion

4. Network layer:
The function of network layer are to route the signal through various channels to the other end.
The network layer deals with the transporting the signal from sender to receiver that travelling through the intermediate route of the system.

5. Internet protocol:
Protocol is the set of rules that defines how the several computers are connected in a network. Protocols are used for transmitting of information from source to destination.
It is of two types. These are
IPv4
IPv6
These protocols are present in network layer in OSI model.

6. IPv4: It is the delivery mechanism used by TCP/IP protocol.
It is a unreliable and connectionless datagram protocol.
It provides the best effort delivery service.
It is of 32 bits long.

7. Position of ipV4 in n/w layer:
Application
Layer
Transport
Network
Datalink layer
Physical layer
SMTP
FTP
TFTP
BOOT
SCTP
TCP
UDP
IGMP
ICMP
IPV4
ARP
RARP
UNDERLINE LAN OR WAN TECHNOLOGY

8. Network Addressing in IPv4:
N/W addressing in IPv4 is of two types. These are
Class based addressing
Class less addressing
IPv4 is 32 bit long & it is divided into 4 groups. Each group contain 8 bits. 8 bits are combined to form an octet.
IP address that can be represented by two notations , These are
Binary Notation
Dotted decimal Notation

9. Dotted Decimal Notation:
Binary Notation:
In binary notation all the bits are represented by 0 and 1.
The total no. of address supported by IP≈ 4 billion of address.
In this notation each octet is a 8 bit binary number.
Dotted Decimal Notation:
In this notation we used to represent each and every octet by a decimal number and each group is separated by a dot

10. Class based addressing is divided into 5 classes. These are 1
Class based addressing is divided into 5 classes. These are 1. Class A, 2.Class B, 3. Class C, 4. Class D, 5. Class E
Class A:
The class A was designed for large organisations with large no. Of routers and host.
The first octent of class A will have the value from 0 to in dotted decimal notation.
In binary notation the first bit of the octent is zero.
Net ID Host ID Host ID Host ID
Binary
Notation
Decimal
0-127 .

11. Class B: The class B address was designed for mid size organisation.
The first two represents the net ID and the last two represents the host ID.
In binary notation the value of 2 bits of first octent is 10 and in dotted decimal notation the value varies from to 191.
Net ID Net ID Host ID Host ID
Binary
Notation
Decimal 10

12. Class C:
In this case the first 3 bit of the first octent is having the value 110.
In dotted decimal representation it has the value to 223
Net ID Net ID Net ID Host ID
Binary notation
Decimal Notation
Class D :It has no host ID or net ID. The first 4 bit of the first octent is and in dotted decimal notation the value ranges from to 239.
Binary Notation
Decimal Notation
110
1110

13. Class E: 1111 This address has been reserved for research purpose.
Here the value of first 4 bit of first octent contains
In dotted decimal notation the value ranges from to 255.
Binary Notation
Decimal Notation
1111

14. Datagram:
Packets in the IPV4 layer are called data grams .
A datagram is a variable length packet that consisting of two parts. These are
Header
Data
The header is 20 to bytes and contains information i.e essential for routing and delivery and the header is represented in 4-byte sections. These are
Version
Header length
Service
Total length

15. Datagram format for IPv4:
20-65,536 bytes P rotocolbytes
Header
Data
Ver 4
bits
HLEN 4
Bits
Service 8
Bits
Total Length
16 bits
Identification 16
bits
Flag 3 bits
Flag. Off
13 bits
Time to live
8 bits
Header checksum
8 bits
Source of IP address
Destination of IP address
Option

16. Version:
This 4-bit field defines the version of the IPV4 protocol. Currently the version is 4.
It is represented as VER.
This field tells about the datagram that has the format of IPv4.

17. Header length(HLEN): Service type:
It is a 4-bit field that defines the total length of the datagram header in 4-byte words.
Service type:
In this case the first 3-bits are called precedence bits and the next 4bits are called type of service.

18. Total length:
This is a 16-bit field that defines the total length (header plus data) of the IPv4 datagram in bytes.
The total length field defines the total length of the datagram including the header.
Length of data=total length- header length

19. IPv6: Ipv6 stands for internetworking protocol with version 6.
It is of bits long.
It is also known as IPNG means internetworking protocol of next generation.

20. Packet format in IPv6:
In IPv6 each packet is composed of a mandatory base header followed by the payload.
The payload that consists of two parts. These are
Optional extension headers
Data from an upper layer

21. Packet format in IPv6 datagram:
4 Bits Bits Bits Bits Bits
VER
PRI
FLOW LABEL
Next Header
Hop limit
Source address
Destination address
Next header
Header length
Next header
Header length
Next header
Header length

22. Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4:
Larger address space: An IPv6 address is bits long where as an IPv4 address is 32 bits long.
Better header format: IPv6 uses a new header format in which options are separated from the base header and inserted when needed between the base header and the upper layer data. This increase the speed of the routing process.
New options: IPv6 has new options to allow for additional functionalities.
Allowance foe extension: IPv6 is designed to allow the extension of protocol if required for new applications.

23. Conclusion:
IPv4 is an unreliable connectionless protocol responsible for source to destination delivery. Packet in the IPv4 are called data grams.
IPv6 is the latest version of the internet Protocol, has a 128-bit address space. An IPv6 datagram is composed of a base header and a payload.
The option fields in IPv4 are implemented as extension header in IPv6.

24. Thank you…

25. Any Questions ???