1. Data Analysis & Report Writing

2. OUTLINE
Data Analysis: Coding, editing, and tabulation of data. Application of various types of Graphs and charts.
Introduction to simple Descriptive analysis, and statistical analysis.
Types of reports, Importance of the Report and Presentation, Report format. Precautions in preparing reports.
Conclusions, Interpretations, and Recommendations.
Bibliography, Annexure, reference and Indexing.
Mini research Project.

3. Descriptive Analysis
The transformation of raw data into a form that will make them easy to understand and interpret; rearranging, ordering, and manipulating data to generate descriptive information
Univariate
Bivariate
Multivariate

4. Proportion (percentage)
Type of
Measurement
Type of
descriptive analysis
Frequency table
Proportion (percentage)
Category proportions
(percentages)
Mode
Two
categories
Nominal
More than
two categories

5. Type of
Measurement
Type of
descriptive analysis
Ordinal
Rank order
Median

6. Tabulation
Tabulation - Orderly arrangement of data in a table or other summary format
Frequency table
Percentages

7. Frequency Table
The arrangement of statistical data in a row-and- column format that exhibits the count of responses or observations for each category assigned to a variable

8. Central Tendency Measure of Central Measure of
Type of Scale Tendency Dispersion
Nominal Mode None
Ordinal Median Percentile
Interval or ratio Mean Standard deviation

9. Cross-Tabulation
A technique for organizing data by groups, categories, or classes, thus facilitating comparisons; a joint frequency distribution of observations on two or more sets of variables
Contingency table- The results of a cross-tabulation of two variables, such as survey questions

10. Cross-Tabulation Analyze data by groups or categories
Compare differences
Contingency table
Percentage cross-tabulations

11. Base
The number of respondents or observations (in a row or column) used as a basis for computing percentages

12. Data Transformation Data conversion
Changing the original form of the data to a new format
More appropriate data analysis
New variables

13. Data Transformation Summative Score = VAR1 + VAR2 + VAR 3
Satisfaction = 0.5 VAR VAR VAR 3

14. Calculating Rank Order
Ordinal data
Brand preferences

15. Charts and Graphs Pie charts Line graphs Bar charts Vertical
Horizontal

16. Computer Programs
SPSS
SAS
SYSTAT
Microsoft Excel

17. REPORT WRITING

18. Report
A Research Report is an oral or a written statement that has the purpose of communicating the research findings, recommendations for courses of action, other findings to Management, or other specific audience.

19. Prefatory parts Main body of the report Appended parts
Report parts
Prefatory parts
Main body of the report
Appended parts

20. Prefatory parts
Title page
Letter of
transmittal
Letter of
authorization
Table of contents

21. Prefatory parts
Title Page: It includes the title of the report, names of the persons for whom the report was prepared, names of the persons who prepared it. Sometimes it also contains the purpose for which it is prepared.

22. Prefatory parts
Letter of Transmittal: Its purpose is to release or deliver the report to the recipient. It is basically a covering letter accompanying the report.

23. Prefatory parts
Letter of Authorization: This is the letter to the researcher approving the project, detailing who has the responsibility for the project and indicating what resources are available to support it.

24. Prefatory parts
Table of Contents: It should list the divisions and subdivisions of the report with page reference. The table of contents is based on the final outline of the subdivisions.

25. Main body of the report Conclusions and recommendations Area 1 Area 2
Introduction
Results
Limitations
Area 1
Methodology
Conclusions and
recommendations
Area 2
Final area

26. Main body of the report
Introduction: It sets out the background factors that makes the project necessary. It gives the rationale to the study. It also talks about how this project is fulfilling the gap.

27. Main body of the report
Research Methodology: This part is all about the methodology used in the project with a proper reasoning. Its main subparts are, Research Design, Sampling Design, Fieldwork, and Analysis done. Analysis section is a detailed description of statistical methods used in the report.

28. Main body of the report
Results: This section presents the findings in a logical order to achieve the objectives. The results should be well organized and continuous narrative designed. Summary tables and charts should be used where ever required. Limitations: Its aim is to provide a realistic basis for accessing the results. It reflects the premises in which research is carried out. Generally resources like, Money, Time, Sampling Procedures, data availability, Non response etc. limits the research.

29. Main body of the report
Interpretation: It is the process of making pertinent inferences and drawing conclusions concerning the meaning and implications of a research investigation.

30. Main body of the report
Conclusions and Recommendations: They constitute the last part of the main body of research report. Conclusions are opinion based on the results. Recommendations are suggestions for action to be taken.

31. Appended parts Data collection forms Detailed calculations
General tables
Bibliography

32. Appended parts
Appendix: It presents the material which is too technical, or may be the material of interest to few readers only. Sometimes it contains subsidiary materials not directly related to study.
It may be, Questionnaire, Statistical Tables, Detailed Calculations, Maps, Previous authorizations, approval letters etc.

33. Appended parts
Bibliography: It contains the sources from where references were taken in the report, or were consulted to give the report a final shape. It may contain books, journals, Newspaper, websites, Government or private reports etc.