1. Effects on Enzyme Reaction Rates
Toothpick“ase”
Effects on Enzyme Reaction Rates

2. What are some things that can interfere with enzymes and how they work for our bodies?

3. Some things that can interfere with enzymes include . . .
. . . temperature
. . . enzyme
concentration
. . . pH

4. Anabolic and Catabolic Enzymes
Anabolism refers to chemical reactions in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex molecules.
Catabolism refers to chemical reactions in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler substances.

5. Anabolic reactions build new molecules and/or store energy.
Anabolic reactions usually require energy.
Anabolic reactions build new molecules and/or store energy.

6. The energy of catabolic reactions is used to drive anabolic reactions.
Catabolic reactions usually release energy that is used to drive chemical reactions.
The energy of catabolic reactions is used to drive anabolic reactions.

7. Enzymes and DNA Strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.
During the replication of DNA, these bonds are broken by an enzyme called DNA helicase

8. What
is the pH scale?

9. pH Scale
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.

10. Pure water is neutral. But when chemicals are mixed with water, the mixture can become either acidic or basic. Examples of acidic substances are vinegar and lemon juice. Lye, milk of magnesia, and ammonia are examples of basic substances.

11. Toothpick“ase”
Substrate
Active Site

12. Read the instructions in the Toothpick-ase lab handout at your lab table and use them to complete the investigation.

14. What happens to the reaction rate as the supply of toothpicks runs out?

15. What would happen to the reaction rate if the toothpicks were spread out so far that the “breaker” had to reach for them?

16. What would happen to the reaction rate if more toothpicks (substrate) were added?

17. What would happen to the reaction rate if there were two “breakers”
(more enzymes) ?

18. What would happen to the reaction rate if the “breaker” wore big, bulky cotton gloves?

19. Enzyme X
Enzyme Y
Study the graph above.
Which of the enzymes do you think would be the most efficient in the human mouth?

20. Where in the human body do you think you might find enzyme Y?
Enzyme X
Enzyme Y
Where in the human body do you think you might find enzyme Y?

21. Enzymes are very specific for the reaction they are involved in.
Do you think the above reaction is anabolic or catabolic?
Why?