1. 10/20 Opener
Determine the electron configuration of the following elements: Cl K Al

2. Organizing the Elements
Labeling the Periodic Table
Properties of M, NM, & Metalloids

3. I. Labeling the Periodic Table
The columns are called
groups or families
Groups are numbered 1-8 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7
The rows
are called periods
Skip these
All Elements greater than uranium
did not exist on Earth until people
produced them in nuclear reactors

4. I. Labeling the Periodic Table
Boron Family
Carbon Family
Nitrogen Family
Oxygen Family
Nobel Gases
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Halogens
Alkali Metals
Transition Metals
Rare Earth
Elements

5. I. Labeling the Periodic Table
Finally, color the non-metals.
Next, let’s identify all the elements that are normally gases by coloring the upper right hand corner with different color.
First, let’s identify all the elements that are normally liquids by coloring the upper right hand corner with one of your five colors.
Now, let’s identify all the elements that are metals. Remember that metals are found to the left of the stair step line. Color the metals one of your colors.
Now, let’s identify all the elements that are diatomic by coloring the lower left hand corner with different color.

6. Properties of Metals (Put this in your notebook!)
Conduct heat and electricity well
Called “conductors”
Malleable – can be hammered into this sheets
Ductile – can be pulled into long thin wires
Metals have a metallic luster – they shine when polished

7. Properties of Non-Metals (Put this in your notebook!)
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Called “insulators”
Tend to be much more brittle than metal
When you hit a non-metal with a hammer it tends to shatter and not flatten out
Not ductile or malleable

8. Metalloids (Put this in your notebook!)
Elements that border the stair step line that separates metals from non-metals are known as metalloids
Their properties are a mixture of metallic and non-metallic

9. Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius
Electronegativity
Ionization Energy

10. Periodic Trends: Atomic Radius
Atomic Radius is ½ the distance between nuclei of two atoms of the same element joined

11. Going Down a Group In general atomic size increases from top to bottom
With each new energy level added the atom gets bigger. 1 2 3
Etc. …

12. Going Across a Period
No new energy levels added, but more more p+ added to nucleus

13. Ions An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
These form when electrons are transferred from atom to atom
A cation is positive (+) (think cats have paws-pawsitive)
A anion is negative (-) (think onions anions yuck-negative)

14. Trends in Ionization
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Ionization energy tends to decrease from top to bottom and increase from left to right across a period

15. Group and Period Trends
As the size of an atom increases within a group, it gets easier to pull off an electron
As you move across a period, shielding remains constant while nuclear charge/pull increases. It gets more difficult to remove an electron.

16. Trends in Ionic Size
Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they form
Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they form K+ K Cl
Cl-

17. Trends in Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound
Electronegativity decreases from top to bottom in a group
Electronegativity tends to increase from left to right across the table

18. Periodic Trends (Put this in your notebook!)
Atomic Radius
Atomic Radius is ½ the distance between nuclei of two atoms of the same element joined
In general atomic size increases from top to bottom & decreases from left to right across a period
Electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound
Tends to decreases from top to bottom in a group & increase from left to right across the table
Ionization Energy
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Ionization energy tends to decrease from top to bottom and increase from left to right across a period