1. Lifestyles
In Ocean Zones

2. In The Zone Lifestyles Explanation:
This Power Point is included in this presentation as a review of basic terminology and information.

3. Ocean Zones (shoreline to open ocean)
Intertidal Zone
Neritic Zone
Oceanic Zone
Benthic Zone

4. Intertidal Zone Neritic Zone Oceanic Zone Continental Shelf
Sunlight
Continental
Shelf
Benthic Zone

5. Intertidal Zone Area between high tide line and low tide line
Organisms adapted to harsh, changing environments
Intertidal
Zone
Continental
Shelf

6. Neritic Zone Area over the continental shelf
Area of greatest density and diversity of marine life
Neritic
Zone
Continental
Shelf

7. Oceanic Zone From the continental break out to open ocean Oceanic Zone
Shelf

8. Benthic Zone The Ocean Floor Underlies all the other zones

9. Ocean Zones (surface to ocean floor)
Epipelagic Zone
Photic Zone or Sunlight Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
Disphotic Zone or Twilight Zone
Bathypelagic Zone
Aphotic zone or Midnight Zone
Abyssopelagic Zone
Aphotic Zone or Midnight Zone
Hadopelagic Zone

10. Epipelagic Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
200
Bathypelagic Zone
Abyssopelagic Zone
Hadopelagic Zone
1000
4000
6000
11,000

12. Epipelagic Zone Photic Zone Enough sunlight for photosynthesis
Primary area of food production
From surface down to about 200 meters 0m
Epipelagic Zone
200m
Sunlight Zone
Photic Zone

13. Epipelagic Organisms Humpback whale Hammerhead Shark
Leatherback Turtle
Tuna
Mola
Sea Otter

14. Epi- Adaptations Streamlined shape Countershading Blowhole on top
Swim bladder- change buoyancy

15. Mesopelagic Zone Dysphotic Zone
Not enough sunlight to support photosynthesis
From about
200 m down to 1,000 m
Mesopelagic Zone
200m
1,000m

16. Mesopelagic Organisms
Swordfish
Cuttlefish
Lantern fish
Opah
Orange Roughy
Vampire Squid

17. Midnight Zones No sunlight
From 1,000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
1,000m
Midnight Zone
11,000m

18. Bathypelagic Zone No sunlight From 1,000 m down to 4,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
1,000m
Bathypelagic Zone
4,000m

19. Mid level Adaptations Bioluminescence Large eyes Echolocation
Depend on other senses beside vision
Lateral line
Bioluminescence
Large eyes
Echolocation
Transparent bodies or black/red bodies

20. Functions of Bioluminescence
Headlight (lantern fish)
Social interaction
Lures to attract prey (angler fish)
Counter-illumination (dappling confuses)
Bright flashes and blobs ejected confuse predators/prey- act as decoys
“burglar alarm”; illuminate predator so larger predator will be drawn to it

21. Bathypelagic Organisms
Basket Star
Viper fish
Colossal Squid
Patagonian Toothfish
Gulper eel
Yeti Crab
Dumbo Octopus
Pacific Blackdragon

22. Abyssopelagic Zone No sunlight From 4,000 m down to 7,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
4,000m
Abyssopelagic Zone
6,000m

23. Abyssopelagic Organisms
Fangtooth Fish
Tripod Fish
Sea Pig

24. Deep Sea Adaptations Bioluminescence- lures, detect prey
Capable of going a long time w/o eating
Large mouth with expandable jaw and stomach to feast
Teeth point in- no escape!
Don’t HUNT- too much energy
Antifreeze in blood to keep it flowing!

25. Hadalpelagic Zone No sunlight
From 6,000 m down to ocean floor, or around 11,000 m
Low density and diversity of marine life
6,000m
Hadopelagic Zone
11,000m

26. Hadalpelagic Organisms
Bacteria
Hadal Amphipod
Tube Worms
Snail fish

27. Deep Adaptation
Water , gelatinous muscles, low protein content- less energy for maintenance

28. Lifestyles
3 Basic Lifestyles:
Plankton
Nekton
Benthos

29. Plankton Floaters or very poor swimmers
Plankton divided into 2 groups:
Phytoplankton – producers, photosynthesizers
Zooplankton – consumers

30. Phytoplankton Must live in the photic zone
Most abundant in shallow coastal areas or in upwelling zones
The basis of the oceanic food web

31. Phytoplankton
Cyanobacteria
Diatoms
Coccolithophores
Dinoflagellates

32. Zooplankton Foraminifers Radiolarians Cnidarians Combjellies
Arthropods
Larvae

33. Zooplankton

34. Plankton Meroplankton Holoplankton
Spend only part of their life cycles as plankton
Are the larval stages of organisms that grow to become benthic or nektonic organisms
Holoplankton
Spend their entire life cycles as plankton

35. Nekton (swimmers) Free swimmers Maneuver actively in the water column
Found in the water column from surface to ocean floor

36. Nekton (swimmers) 5 Categories: Reptiles Mammals Fish Arthropods
Mollusks

37. Nekton (swimmers)
Marine Reptiles:
Turtles
Snakes
Crocodiles
Iguanas

38. Nekton (swimmers) Marine Mammals: Whales Seals Otters Manatees
Dolphins

39. Nekton (swimmers)
Bony Fish:
Tuna
Barracuda
Eels
Angler Fish

40. Nekton (swimmers)
Cartilaginous Fish
Sharks
Rays
Skates

41. Nekton (swimmers)
Marine Arthropods
Shrimp
Mollusks
Squid
Octopi

42. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
Live either on or attached to the bottom
Primarily filter feeders or scavengers

43. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
2 Basic Types:
Sessile - Live attached to the bottom
Vagrant - Able to move about

44. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
Sessile:
Barnacles
Sponges
Corals
Sea Anemones
Oysters
Clams

45. Benthos (bottom dwellers)
Vagrant:
Crabs
Sea Stars
Sea Cucumbers
Sea Urchins
Brittle Stars

46. What Am I?

47. What Am I?

48. What Am I?

49. What Am I?

50. What Am I?

51. What Am I?

52. What Am I?

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54. What Am I?