1. CELLS

2. UNICELLULAR A single cell that carries out all life processes.
Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena

3. MULTICELLULAR
Made of many cells that work together to carry out all life processes
Ex. Animals, Plants, most Fungi

4. CELL THEORY All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure
Cells are the basic unit of function
Cells come from pre-existing cells

5. EXCEPTIONS TO THE CELL THEORY
Where did the first cell come from???
Viruses
Not made of cells
Contain genetic material
Can’t survive on their own (need a host)
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Contain some genetic material
Can “reproduce” inside a cell without the whole cell reproducing

6. TWO KINDS OF CELLS Prokaryotic Eukaryotic No nucleus Smaller
Less complex
No membrane-bound organelles
DNA floats freely in cytoplasm
Ex. Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Has nucleus which contains DNA
Larger
More complex
Many different organelles
Ex. Amoeba, Plants, Animals

7. CELL MEMBRANE Regulates what comes into and goes out of cell
It is SELECTIVELY-PERMEABLE
“Chooses” what it lets in and out
Some molecules are too large to fit
Some molecules are toxic to the cell
Made of lipids and proteins
Officially a “lipid bi-layer” (ooo, fancy…)

8. CYTOPLASM Liquid part of cell Involved in transport
Moving materials around inside a cell is cyclosis
Site of chemical reactions

9. NUCLEUS Directs cell activities Contains the DNA
Nucleolus is found within the nucleus
it makes RNA

10. RIBOSOMES Where protein is made
Can be free floating in cell or attached to the E.R.

11. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Transports materials throughout the cell
Rough ER
Has ribosomes
Smooth ER
No ribosomes

12. CHLOROPLASTS In PLANTS Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts absorb energy from the sun in order to combine CO2 and H2O to make food for the cell

13. MITOCHONDRIA Makes ENERGY for the cell
Aerobic respiration takes place here
Remember: ENERGY = ATP

14. GOLGI BODIES/APPARATUS/COMPLEX
Packages and ships materials for the cell
Think of it as UPS or Fed. Ex. for the cell

15. VACUOLE Storage Contractile Vacuole Stores water, food and waste
Found in unicellular organisms
Pumps out excess water

16. LYSOSOME
Breaks down materials
Contains digestive enzymes

17. CENTRIOLES Only in ANIMAL cells
Help chromosomes split during cell division

18. CELL WALL
Support and protection for PLANT cells
Made of cellulose

19. CYTOSKELETON
Made of protein
Provide support to cell

20. CILIA Hair-like microtubules that provide locomotion.
Ex. Paramecium have cilia.

21. FLAGELLA Whip-like tail that provides locomotion
Ex. Sperm have a flagella

22. TRANSPORT IN CELLS Diffusion = PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Movement of materials from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.
Little/No energy required

23. Osmosis
Diffusion of water

24. Active Transport Requires energy Phagocytosis Pinocytosis
Cells “eating”
Pinocytosis
Cells “drinking”