1. Chris Backes Mariolina Eliantonio Franziska Grashof
To legislate or not to legislate? Rethinking the “effective protection of environmental rights” in the Union: reflections on different methods to improve the system of environmental litigation
I changed the title to match with the paper
Chris Backes
Mariolina Eliantonio
Franziska Grashof

2. Agenda
The benchmark
The status quo
The ways to improve

3. The benchmark (“in an ideal world”)
Access
Conduct of proceedings
Remedies

4. The benchmark (“in an ideal world”)
Access
Individuals whose legal position is affected should have standing
NGOs should have standing
“Reasonable” time limits
“Reasonable” costs

5. The benchmark (“in an ideal world”)
Conduct of the proceedings
Power to raise ex officio points of EU law
Technical know how
Power to use of all necessary means of evidence
“Adequate” intensity of review

6. The benchmark (“in an ideal world”)
Remedies
Annulment
Injunctions
Penalties for non-compliance
Dispute settlement powers
Interim relief

7. State of the art Standing Ex officio Technical know how
Intense regulation
Ex officio
Medium regulation
Technical know how
No regulation

8. Standing Aarhus Convention, EU secondary law, EU case law
Quite some knowledge of national application
Divergences remain
Application of Art. 9 (3) AC not ensured!
Deficiencies remain
Piece-meal convergence

9. Ex officio Standards vague Derivable from Aarhus Convention?
Limited knowledge national application
Effective judicial protection not ensured

10. Technical knowledge National application: not much known
Very diverse solutions possible
Effective judicial protection ensured?

11. The way forward New directive
Enhance knowledge of national application
European discourse
Guidances, best practices
CJEU (infringement proceedings, preliminary questions)
Codification of case law in Directive
New directive

12. Way forward: standing
Darpo et al; Faure et al.: new Directive on Art. 9 (3) AC
It would go beyond scope of 9 (3) AC!
Alternative: Directive codifying case law
European discourse and guidances
Infringement proceedings

13. Way forward: examples on ex officio
Enhance knowledge of national application
Change of case law CJEU?
Part of new Directive?

14. Way forward: examples on technical knowledge
Enhance knowledge of national application
Best practices
Guidances