1. Chapter 5 review Chapters 6 & 7 preview

2. Chapter 5 midway review Physical Growth
T/F Growth is slow and steady throughout infancy and toddlerhood.
Describe some of the growth trends observed in the first couple of years of life.

3. Chapter 5 midway review Brain Development
At birth, the _________ is nearer its adult size than any other physical structure, and it continues to develop at an (astounding/slow) pace throughout infancy and toddlerhood.
Refer to the diagram on the right. What are neurons? What are synapses? What are glial cells?
T/F Lateralization refers to the fact that the two sides (hemispheres) of the brain operate separately, with one side responsible for creativity and the other for analytical thought.

4. Chapter 5 midway review States of Arousal
Describe major
changes in the
organization of sleep
and wakefulness during the first 2 years of life.
What are some common sleep arrangements with infants? Why are Americans some times viewed as “cruel” by other cultures, when it comes to infant sleep habits?

5. Review: Nutrition
When possible, why is breast milk recommended over formula for young babies?
What is malnutrition?
What are the most common types of malnutrition in U.S.?

6. Review: Early Learning Capacities
Learning Capacity
Description
Classical Conditioning
Copying the behavior of another person.
Operant Conditioning
Associating a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response
Habituation and Recovery
A spontaneous behavior is followed by a stimulus that changes the probability that the behavior will occur again.
Imitation
Gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation, and then an increase in responsiveness to a new stimulus.

7. Review: Motor Development
What type of motor development is this? What are some of the “milestones” that are achieved in the first two years?
What type of motor development is this? What are some of the “milestones?”
Also, drawing, feeding, dressing

8. Review: Perceptual Development
True or False: Vision is one of the best developed senses at birth and experiences little change during infancy and toddlerhood.
What is depth perception and why is it important? How does motor development affect the development of depth perception?
What is being illustrated in the image on the right?
True or False: From birth, infants are capable of combining information from multiple sensory systems.

9. What do you think?
In The Human Baby – To Talk, we learned that gazing and mutual attention are necessary for babies to learn language. Does modern technology compromise the development of babies?

10. Ch. 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Information Processing
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Early Mental Development
Language Development

11. Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Emotional Development
Temperament
Attachment
Self Development

12. Quiz 7
Which of Erikson’s stage(s) occur during the Infancy/Toddler period?
True or False: Infants come into the world with the ability to clearly express basic emotions.
According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner’s mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?
A) a concerned look
B) a cautious smile
C) speaking the words “oh, no!”
D) laughter combined with saying “oopsie-daisy”
4. Match each temperament style with the appropriate description, according to Thomas and Chess.
_______  Quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, in a) slow-to-warm
generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. B) easy _______  Is inactive, shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental c) difficult
stimuli, is negative in mood, and adjusts slowly to new experiences.
_______  Is irregular is daily routines, is slow to accept new experiences,
and tends to react negatively and intensely. 
5. ______________ is the strong affectionate tie that we have to special people in our lives. 

13. Types of Observation General Observation (10 minutes)
A chance to get a feel for the setting and the child.
Running Observation (30 minutes)
Very detailed account of what is happening. An attempt to capture as much as possible.
Specific Observation (20 minutes)
Targeted observation for certain types of behavior.

14. Where to observe
Sacramento City College Bernice Clayton Child Development Center
3835 Freeport Rd., Sacramento CA
preschool only, 3-5 years
contact center:
Remember, you need to schedule an appointment.
Russell Park Child Development Center
400 Russell Park, Davis CA
infants - preschool
contact Tanya Chordas, Director: or (530)
You need to schedule an appointment. They are very busy this fall, so call at least 1 week ahead.
In addition, you may observe in other locations, however you are on your own to make the arrangements. You may also observe children in public places, such as in a park. When observing in a location other than a child development center, be sure to obtain permission of the parent and/or child first.