1. The Earth Earth’s Forces Ring of Fire Movie Warm-Ups
In August 2011 , Hurricane Irene hit the east coast of the US and did millions of dollars worth of damage.
If you were the mayor of a city, which could be affected by a hurricane, how would you protect the city and its citizens?
Write at least 5 sentences

2. How many different layers make up the Earth’s structure?
What are they?
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust

3. What is the Earth’s Core?
Solid metallic Inner Core
Liquid metallic Outer Core
Both made of iron and nickel

4. What is the Mantle? Surrounds the core
Soft layer of molten (melted) rock called magma!!!

5. What is the Crust?
Thin layer of rock at the earth’s surface

6. What is the Atmosphere?
Layer of gases surrounding the earth

7. What is the Lithosphere?
Solid rock portion of the Earth’s surface

8. What is the Hydrosphere?
All the water elements of the Earth
Oceans
Seas
Rivers
Lakes

9. What is the Biosphere? Where plants and animals live
Includes: Atmosphere, Lithosphere, & Hydrosphere

10. What is Plate Tectonics?
Movement of large plates (crust) above magma in the mantle
What proof is there?
Fossils, plants and animals along coastlines of separated continents

11. What is the theory of Continental Drift?
1912 theory by Alfred Wegener
Earth once had a supercontinent (all connected)
Called “Pangea”
What is the theory of Continental Drift?

12. Plate Boundaries
Plates collide, separate, and shift along these boundaries

13. What type of movements are there?
Divergent
Convergent: Subduction
Convergent: Collision
Transform

14. Example: Sub-Duction Zone

15. Example: Sea Floor Spreading

16. Example: Transform Boundary San Andreas Fault-California
What type of movement takes place?
Transform Movement

17. How are Earthquakes measured?
Seismograph
Measures the size of waves created by the earthquake

19. Earthquakes

20. Review: Plate Tectonics
Plate Movement
Spreading – usually ocean floor
Sub-duction – form Volcanoes
Collision – form mountains
Sliding/Shearing – cause earthquakes
Boundaries – where plates meet
Divergent- moving apart
Convergent - collide
Transform – slide past each other

24. Volcanoes What is the Ring of Fire?
Most volcanoes located around the rim of the Pacific Ocean

26. What force might have caused this?

27. What force might have caused this?

28. What force might have caused this?

29. What force might have caused this?

30. What is Weathering? Types of Weathering are…
Mechanical – When rocks and other minerals are broken into smaller pieces.
Chemical – When minerals are changed completely when they mix with water and air. Like metal changing to rust.

31. What is Wind Erosion? Loess is wind-blown silt, sand, and clay.
Can form sand dunes 100’s of feet deep!

32. What is Water Erosion?
Precipitation
Mudslides
Avalanche

33. What is Glacial Erosion?
Glaciation – changes in a landform made from a slowly moving sheet of ice (glacier)
Moraines – rocks left behind after a glacier moves
Creates new valleys, hills, or ridges

34. What is soil, how is it made?
Through the process of weathering and erosion of rocks
Humus – quality of soil
Texture of the soil
Amount of organic material in the soil