1. NC Native American Tribes
Creek/ Algonquin
Croatoan
Catawba
Cherokee
Lumbee
Tuscarora

2. Creek language Muskogee
White settlers called them Creek after Ocmulgee Creek in Georgia
Descendants of the Mississippian culture
Lived in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and NC
Forced to move to Oklahoma

3. Two Creek tribes today Poarch Creeks in Alabama: live on a reservation
Oklahoma Creeks live on trust land.
Creek Nation has its own government, laws, police, and other services like a small country. (however they are US citizens)
Farmers: growing corn, beans, squash, melons, pumpkins, and sweet potatoes.

4. Tuscarora Dominated the Coastal Plain in the 1500’s
Concentrated near the Neuse and Tar rivers
Name means “hemp gatherers”
Used hemp to make rope and binding cord
Kin to the famous Iroquois nation of NY

5. Catawba Lived in the Piedmont
Named by Juan Pardo-heard them say ka-pa-tu meaning “where the river divides” (Catawba river)
Language-several versions of the Sioux language
Kin to the Sioux

6. Algonquin Lived along the coast
Spoke various versions of the Algonquin language
Shared by tribes all along the Atlantic Coast
Depended heavily on fish, but also ate fruits, melons, walnuts, cucumbers, gourdes, peas
John White’s famous water color paintings

7. Croatoan
Lived in the Coastal areas of NC (Dare county) near Roanoke Sound and Croatoan Sound
Extinct as a tribe: were one of the Carolina Algonquin peoples
Primary food source-agriculture
Efficient farmers-fed both colonists and themselves
Were on good terms with English settlers

8. Lumbee
Based in NC
Possible descendants of Croatoans and survivors of the Lost Colony
Lost Colony theories-article
Others believe they are descendants from an Eastern Siouan group called the Cheraws

9. Cherokee Most famous Indian group in NC
Like the Tuscarora-kin to Iroquois
First settled in mountains during woodland period.
Cherokee: a variation of a Mississippian word for “people who live in caves”-a reference to their mountain homes

10. Cherokee-one of the largest tribes 3 divisions:
Lower Cherokee-lived in SC and Georgia
Upper Cherokee-lived in Tennessee River Valley
Middle Cherokee-lived in western NC (most important)
Each division spoke a different dialect of the Cherokee language

11. Cherokees baskets-works of art
Shared many beliefs, habits and customs with the Woodland culture.
All children belonged to the clan. (an extended family)
Divided work up fairly between men and women
Tribes governed by consensus (discussed problems till everyone agreed)

12. Diseases
Native Americans had no immunity or resistance to the diseases the Europeans brought.
Most deadly were smallpox, measles, chicken pox, and influenza
Beliefs- Native Americans believed that the land was to be used by everyone