1. WarmUp #2 Early Middle Ages
Read “THE INSIDE STORY” on pg. 361 about Alfred the Great & answer the corresponding question.
Read the “Benedictine Rule” on pg. 363 & answer the corresponding questions.

2. Early Middle Ages

3. New Germanic Kingdoms
By 500 AD, the Western Roman Empire was replaced by Germanic kingdoms
Angles & Saxons to Britain
united under Alfred the Great
pushed Danes back north
1st King of England (land of Angles)
established school system
Franks in Gaul
Visigoths in Spain
merging of German & Roman culture
let go of law codes/systems
had trial by ordeal
believed in divine intervention on behalf of innocent

4. Women's Rights and Trials
Trial by Ordeal
Women's Rights and Trials

5. Frankish Empire
Clovis, king of the Franks, converted to Christianity (~ 500 AD)
gained support of Roman Catholic Church
Pepin (son of Charles Martel) took crown in 751 AD
Charlemagne, son of Pepin became king & expanded territory (“In War and Peace” pgs )
defeated Lombards & protected Pope Leo III
crowned emperor by the Pope: 800 AD
renewed interest in Latin/Greek works
monks copied works by hand
empire fell apart after his death, 814 AD
3 grandsons split Empire 3 ways: Western, Middle, Eastern
spread Christianity to conquered people…or else death
sent missionaries to live with them
written law

6. Invasions of 9th & 10th Centuries
Scandinavia was not good for farming
Vikings/Norsemen raided other communities
used long, narrow & shallow dragon ships to sail up rivers into European continent
eventually Europeans tired of raids, gave land to the Vikings/Norsemen & they settled down (i.e.-Normandy in France)

7. Vikings

8. Holy Roman Empire neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire
after Vikings calmed down, some power centralization
962 AD: Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor
not Frankish lands, but German lands
most emperors were preoccupied with the popes & European politics
German city-states stayed very independent
neither Germany nor Italy unified until the late 1800s

9. England 1066 AD: William of Normandy invaded & conquered England
defeated Anglo-Saxons at Hastings
slow merging of Anglo-Saxon & Norman culture, language, etc.
Henry II became king (~1142 AD)
expanded royal courts
common law: same throughout kingdom
tried to control clergy (Thomas a Becket)
married to Eleanor of Aquitaine

10. Battle of Hastings

11. read & answer the corresponding questions.
“The Song of Roland”, pg.377
read & answer the corresponding questions.

12. Eleanor of Aquitaine very unusual woman for the Middle Ages
controlled own land in southwest France
married to king of France, Louis II
traveled to Constantinople & Jerusalem on Crusade
annulled marriage (pseudo-divorce)
married Henry of Anjou (Henry II of England)….imprisoned
kept her own court in France
son: Richard the Lionheart

13. Magna Carta ~the nobles resented power of King John & revolted
~forced John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 which limited the king’s power
Read the “Magna Carta” on R59 & answer questions #1-3.