1. World War II: Totalitarian countrys

2. Totalitarianism – the country’s leaders forcefully control governmental and individual rights.

3. I. Italy 1923 –Benito Mussolini becomes leader of Italy
Referred to himself as IL Duce – “the leader”
Black Shirts – Mussolini’s squad of ex-soldiers
World War I veterans
Fascism – political philosophy that preached that the nation and the race were more important than the individual.
Try to get rid of foreign influences that the gov. considers bad
Established a dictatorship, abolished democracy. Still viewed as a model of strength and determination.

4. Mussolini and the Black Shirts

5. National Fascist Party of Italy's headquarters in Rome in 1934.

6. II. Japan Emperor Hirohito – leader of Japan
Military Dictator – Hideki Tojo
Militarization – country is organized for military conflict and violence.
Attacks Manchuria (northeastern China) 2 reasons:
Ease overcrowding
Open new markets for its growing industries
Coal, iron, Oil
By 1940, Japan controlled almost all of Eastern China (Imperialism)

7. III. Germany 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes German Chancellor
The Nazi Party is in control
Also held Fascist beliefs
Party was based on Anti-Semitism – hatred and discrimination towards Jews.

8. IV. Russia Joseph Stalin gains control in 1928
Was born in 1879 as Joseph Vissarionovich
“Stalin” from a Marxist group and means “man of steel”
Begins his 5 Year Plan: collected agriculture into state farms.
People resisted by burning crops; Stalin ordered them shot (5 million died directly or by famine)
Industry worked on Quota System
500% increase in steel; 350% increase in coal
Communism – creation of a classless, moneyless society that is controlled by government.

10. V. The Rise and Beginnings of Adolf Hitler
Was not German (Austrian)
High School drop out
Wanted to become an artist
Failed the admission examination for the art academy in Vienna twice.
Lived on charity and sold postcards to make money for food. ( German landscapes)
World War I joined German army
Hitler blamed Germany’s loss on the “Aryan” race and the Jewish Community

11. Beer Hall Putsch Nazi revolution in 1923
Hitler and the Nazi party tried to overthrow German government
Hitler was thrown into jail for 9 months

12. Named Chancellor in 1933 (very popular)
Mein Kampf
800 page book that Hitler wrote in prison
Means My Struggle
Declared Germans the “master race”
Detailed his plan for world domination
Denounced the Treaty of Versailles – downsized the military and made to pay money to allies.
Named Chancellor in 1933 (very popular)
Effectively used mass psychology

14. VII. Hitler’s Plan Lead Germany to World Power Exterminate the Jews
Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s defeat in World War I.

15. “At one time the Spartans were capable of such a wise measure, but not our present, mendaciously sentimental, bourgeois patriotic nonsense. The rule of six thousand Spartans over three hundred and fifty thousand Helots was only thinkable in consequence of the high racial value of the Spartans. But this was the result of a systematic race preservation; thus Sparta must be regarded as the first Völkisch State. The exposure of the sick, weak, deformed children, in short, their destruction, was more decent and in truth a thousand times more humane than the wretched insanity of our day which preserves the most pathological subject, and indeed at any price, and yet takes the life of a hundred thousand healthy children in consequence of birth control or through abortions, in order subsequently to breed a race of degenerates burdened with illnesses.„—Adolf Hitler,