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Chapter 7 Earth Science Weathering and Soil
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Words to Know – Section 1 Weathering
mechanical weathering ice wedging chemical weathering oxidation climate
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mechanical or chemical surface processes that break rock into smaller and smaller pieces.
weathering
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mechanical weathering
physical processes that break rock apart without changing its chemical make-up; can be caused by ice wedging, animals, and plant roots. mechanical weathering
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mechanical weathering process that occurs when water freezes in the cracks of rocks and expands, causing the rock to break apart ice wedging
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occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks or change then into different minerals. chemical weathering
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Chemical weathering process that occurs when some minerals are exposed to oxygen and water over time. oxidation
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average weather pattern in an area over a long period of time; can be classified by temperature, humidity, precipitation, and vegetation climate
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the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom
mass number
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Words to Know – Section 2 The Nature of Soil
humus horizon soil profile litter leaching
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mixture of weathered rock and mineral fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air that can take thousands of years to develop soil
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dark-colored, decayed organic matter that supplies nutrients to plants and is found mainly in topsoil humus
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each layer in a soil profile – horizon A (top layer of soil), horizon B (middle layer), and horizon C (bottom layer) horizon
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vertical section of soil layers, each of which is a horizon
soil profile
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twigs, leaves, and other organic matter that help prevent erosion and hold water and may eventually be changes into humus by decomposing organisms litter
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removal of minerals that have been dissolved in water
leaching
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Words to Know – Section 3 Soil Erosion
no till-farming contour farming terracing
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method for reducing soil erosion; plant stalks are left in the field after harvesting and the next year’s crop is planted within the stalks without plowing no till-farming
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planting along the natural contours of the land to reduce soil erosion
contour farming
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farming method used to reduce erosion on steep slopes
terracing
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