1. History of the United States

2. Pre-Columbian Period (before 1492)
Native Americans
Hunter-gatherer societies
Farmers
Warriors
300 separate languages

3. Colonial Period 1492 – the beginning of Spanish colonization
Spanish Florida, Spanish New Mexico
XVI century – the beginning of English and French colonization
English settlements in Virginia and New England

4. Types of immigration
Economic immigration. Goods exported: gold, crops, tobacco, fur.
Religious immigration caused by religious wars between Catholics and Protestants in Europe.
Forced immigration caused by the need of cheap labor in agricultural areas.

5. English Colonies
1607: Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America and the foundation of the Virginia colony.
13 years later: the Pilgrim settlement at Plymouth, and then a larger Puritan colony of Massachusetts Bay.

6. “Mayflower” 1620: 102 English Pilgrims+ 50 members of the crew
In November sailed to the Atlantic Coast of North America
Half of them survived the winter

7. English Colonies New England was settled by Puritans
Pennsylvania was given to the Quaker William Penn as payment for a debt
New York, New Jersey, and Delaware were taken from the Dutch by the British in 1664

8. American Revolution
Boston Tea Party - a key event in the growth of American Revolution (16 December 1773)
1774- the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
Fighting broke out in 1775.
The Second Continental Congress: July 4, 1776,
The Declaration of Independence

9. The US Declaration of Independence - 1776
13 American colonies regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire.
A new nation--the United States of America.
Articles of Confederation to govern the new nation.

10. American Revolution
Victory over the British came in 1783, and the resulting Treaty of Paris established U.S. boundaries, from Canada to Spanish Florida, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.

11. The US Constitution
The Articles of Confederation provided a weak central government and proved inadequate to govern the growing nation. A new constitution was created in 1787, ratified in 1788, and took effect in 1789.

12. Founding Fathers A group of signers of Declaration of Independence
A group of framers of the US Constitution
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington

13. The first President of the USA George Washington

14. The Period of Growth of the Nation
the Louisiana Purchase
1845 – Texas joined the USA
1846 – Oregon: agreement with Britain
the United States' victory in the Mexican War
Alaska

16. Louisiana Purchase 1803

17. Alaska 1867

18. Civil War
In the presidential election of 1860 Republicans led by Abraham Lincoln opposed slavery (abolitionists).
Before Lincoln’s inauguration eleven southern slave states formed the Confederacy.
Both sides prepared for war.

19. 1861-1865 Civil War Hostilities began on April 12, 1861
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.
1863, Gettysburg Address.

20. Civil War
The defending Confederate army failed on April 9, 1865

21. Ku Klux Klan
Organization which advocates extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically expressed through terrorism.

22. 1917-1918 World War 1 First, wanted to stay impartial
Made weapons for the Allies
Germany hit British and American ships
Declared war in 1917, joined the Allies in 1918
In 1917, a very small army: 200,000 soldiers, had to recruit and train much more
President Wilson took an active part
in preparing the Versailles Treaty

23. The Great Depression and the New Deal
1929: the Wall Street Crash
Consumers decreased their expenditure
Overproduction, unemployment, poverty
Roosevelt: the federal government should take the lead
1932: Roosevelt was elected President
The New Deal:
Government agencies to help citizens
Jobs for the unemployed
Trade and production recovered
The right to join labor unions
The Social Security Act

24. World War II
American involvement in World War II in was limited to providing war material and financial support to Britain, the Soviet Union, and the Republic of China.
8 December 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
During 1942 and 1943, the US deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK

25. World War II
The soldiers of World War II are referred to as "the greatest generation."
Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war.

26. Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing

27. Cold War era
For forty years, the United States provided foreign military aid and direct involvement in proxy wars against the Soviet Union.
– Korean War
– Vietnam War
Nuclear weapons were kept ready by the United States under a concept of mutually assured destruction with the Soviet Union.

28. Cuban Missile Crisis
a 13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side, and the US on the other, in October 1962

29. The Vietnam War (the American War)
Until 1954, under the French rule
The pro-communist North and the anti-communist South
The US military intervention from 1965 to 1973
The victory of the North
in 1975

30. Martin Luther King
Leader in the African-American civil rights Movement.
In 1962, King organized nonviolent protests that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response.
King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his “I have a Dream” speech.

31. Watergate Scandal
A political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s as a result of the June 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement.
The scandal eventually led to the resignation of Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974, the only resignation of a U.S. President.

32. The Persian Gulf War
The war conflict between Iraq and a coalition force led by the United States.

33. 9/11
a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the Islamist terrorist group al-Quaeda upon the US in New York City and the Washington D.C. areas on September 11, 2001.