1. Chapter 19 Lesson 2 Vertebrates

2. Features of Vertebrates:
Vertebrates have three features that set them apart from other animals.
The skeleton of vertebrates is made of bone or softer material called cartilage.
The second is that their backbone is made up of many small bones and blocks of cartilage.
The third is the skull which surrounds and protects the brain.

3. Seven classes of vertebrates:
Three of the classes consist of different types of FISH.
The other four are 4. Amphibians, 5.Reptiles, 6. Birds, 7.Mammals.

4. Biologist have identified approximately 24,000 different kinds of fish
Biologist have identified approximately 24,000 different kinds of fish. They are classified into three groups:
All fish live in water and breath thru gills.
The first type of fish are called BONEY fish. This means there body is boney and is covered in scales that overlap. The have a swim bladder that helps them move up and down in the water
The second fish have skeletons made up of cartilage instead of bone. They also have very powerful jaws and sharp teeth. Example: Shark
The third type is called a jawless fish. They also have a skeleton of cartilage but they have no jaw or scales

5. Amphibians:
The word amphibians comes from two greek words meaning double life.
There are about 5,000 species of FROGS, TOADS, & SALAMANDERS.
Many amphibians spend part of their lives in water and part on land.
Example: Frog- starts its life as a tadpole in the water, then grows legs, loses its gills, and tail, and develops into an adult frog that lives on land but must keep its skin moist so most stay near water.
Metamorphosis is what this change is called.

6. Reptiles There are about 7,000 species of reptiles
SNAKES, LIZARDS, TURTLES, ALLIGATORS, AND CROCODILES
There are about 7,000 species of reptiles
Some live in water and some live on land
The skin of a reptile is scaly and watertight so that they can live in dry places without drying out.
Reptiles that do live in the water must come to the surface to breath.
Dinosaurs were reptiles… that appeared about 235 million years ago.

7. Birds There are more than 9,000 species of birds in the world.
Why can birds fly???
- They have feathers.
-A bird's bones are hollow.
Flying takes a great deal of energy so birds have to eat frequently.
They lay eggs in order to reproduce
Birds are warm blooded.

8. Mammals Mammals are named for having mammary glands.
They are also warm blooded animals which means most have hair covering most of their bodies to keep in the heat.
Most mammals live on land some such as whales and porpoises live in the water.
All mammals have lungs.
More than 4,000 mammals have young develop inside the mother about 300 develop their young inside a pouch. Example Kangaroos. Only two mammals lay eggs they are the duck-billed platypus and the spiny spider

9. Definitions: Vertebrate: An animal with a backbone.
Cartilage: a soft material found in vertebrate skeletons
Vertebra: One of the bones or blocks of cartilage that make up a backbone

10. Gill: A body part used by some animals to breathe in water
Swim Bladder: A gas filled organ that allows a bony fish to move up and down in the water.
Amphibian: A vertebrate that lives at first in water and then on land.
Metamorphosis: A major change in form that occurs as some animals develop into adults.
Reptile:An egg-laying vertebrate that breathes with lungs.
Cold blooded:Having a body temperature that changes with the temperature of the surroundings

11. Warm Blooded:Having a body temperature that stays the same.
Mammary Gland:A milk producing structure on the chest or abdomen of a mammal.

12. Complete Questions:
Page 444
Questions 1-5