1. RESISTANCE EXERCISE II
Collected By
Dr. Michael Banoub Sorour

2. TYPES OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE
Manual Resistance Exercise
Mechanical Resistance Exercise
Isometric Exercise (Static Exercise)
Dynamic Exercise

3. Isometric Exercise: Indications
To prevent or minimize muscle atrophy when joint movement is not possible.
To begin to re-establish neuromuscular control after soft tissue injury or surgery.

4. To develop postural or joint stability.
To improve muscle strength when use of dynamic resistance exercise cause joint pain.
To develop static muscle strength at particular points in the ROM with specific task-related needs.

5. Dynamic Exercise Concentric and Eccentric
Constant and Variable Resistance

6. Isokinetic Exercise
Isokinetic exercise is a form of dynamic exercise in which the velocity of muscle shortening or lengthening and the angular limb velocity is predetermined and held constant by a rate-limiting device known as an isokinetic dynamometer. The term isokinetic refers to movement that occurs at an equal (constant) velocity.

7. Open-Chain and Closed-Chain Exercise
“Open kinetic chain” applies to completely unrestricted movement in space of a peripheral segment of the body.
"Closed kinetic chain" if the terminal segment remains fixed, the force moves the proximal segments over the stationary distal segments.

8. PRECAUTIONS FOR RESISTANCE EXERCISE
Temperature.
Pain.
Do not initiate resistance training at a maximal level of resistance, particularly with eccentric exercise to minimize delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).
Avoid use of heavy resistance during exercise for children, older adults, and patients with osteoporosis.

9. Do not apply resistance across an unstable joint or distal to a fracture site that is not completely healed.
Prevent incorrect or substitute motions by adequate stabilization and an appropriate level of resistance.
Avoid exercises that place excessive secondary stress on the back.

10. Be aware of medications a patient is using that can alter responses to exercise.
Discontinue exercises if the patient experiences pain, dizziness, or unusual shortness of breath.

11. Advantages Manual Resistance Exercise:
Most effective during the early stages of rehabilitation when muscles are weak (4/5 or less).
Effective form of exercise for transition from assisted to mechanically resisted movements.
Resistance is adjusted throughout the ROM as the therapist responds to the patient’s efforts.

12. Muscle works maximally at all portions of the ROM. (Why)
Useful for dynamic or static strengthening.
Direct manual stabilization prevents substitute motions.

13. Can be performed in a variety of patient positions.
Placement of resistance is easily adjusted.
Gives the therapist an opportunity for direct interaction with the patient to monitor the patient’s performance.

14. Disadvantages Manual Resistance Exercise:
Exercise load is subjective. ( Is it work for PRE?)
Amount of resistance is limited. (So it is not enough.)
Speed of movement is slow to moderate. (functional activities.)
Not useful in home program unless caregiver assistance is available.
Labor- and time-intensive for the therapist.

15. -Passive ROM (PROM) is movement of a segment within the unrestricted ROM that is produced entirely by an active force ( )

16. McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com
Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e
Relative Strength
The amount of weight lifted relative to the person's body weight
Measured as a ratio: Relative Strength = weight lifted (lb.) body weight (lb.)
Discuss the concept of relative strength.
An effective way is to ask students who is stronger Person A or Person B?
Person A: Weighs 180 pounds and can lift 200 pounds
Person B: Weighs 100 pounds and can lift 150 pounds
Person B has more relative strength because he/she can lift more weight per pound of body weight than person A.
When strength is relative to body weight or to Lean Body Mass females and males have nearly comparable strength. Therefore, the main reason that males are stronger than females is the amount of muscle mass. 16
Concept 10 4

17. Sample Calculation Question: Who’s stronger:
McGraw Hill -
Concepts of Fitness and Wellness 7e
Sample Calculation
Question: Who’s stronger:
A: 250 pound person who can lift 200 pounds
B: 150 pound person who can lift 175 pounds
Go through sample calculation for relative strength. Students typically have difficult time with this type of calculation, so it is worth covering. 17
Concept 10

18. Answer: B A: relative strength = 200/250 = .80
B: relative strength = 175/150 = 1.17