1. EQ: What are the properties of matter and how does matter change?
Matter Notes
EQ: What are the properties of matter and how does matter change?

2. Matter
Matter is anything that has mass, and takes up space

3. A. Elements and Atoms
Many elements names often have names and symbols relating to their Latin or Greek origin
Note: Elements can have a one or two letter symbol.
Only the first letter of an element’s symbol is capitalized.
Element
Symbol
Latin or Greek
Iron Fe
Ferrum
Lead Pb
Plumbum
Tin Sn
Stannum
Mercury Hg
Mercurum (Hydragyrum – Greek)
Copper Cu
Cuprum
Silver Ag
Argentum
Potassium K
Kalium
Sodium Na
Natrium

4. A. Elements and Atoms Periodic Table properties
Elements are listed in the _______________ _______________.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the _________________ (color, hardness, melting point…) of that element.
Table
properties

5. Copper Phases - Solid

6. Copper Phases - Liquid

7. Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

8. B. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas definite indefinite indefinite
Shape
Volume
Spacing
definite
indefinite
indefinite
definite
definite
indefinite
compact
Loosely
Spaced
Spread
Out

9. 4th state: Plasma - formed at high temperatures; ionized phase of matter as found in the sun

10. C. Pure Substances Vs. Mixture
Pure Substance: A substance that contains only one type of _________.
Element: _______________ be changed into a simpler substance
Compound: _____________ be changed into a simpler substance
Elements  Compounds (through _______________________)
particle
can not
can
(2 or more elements)
Chemical reactions

11. C. Pure Substances vs. mixtures
Mixture: Two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are not chemically combined (can be separated physically)
________________mixture: two or more pure substances that are evenly mixed (ex: salt and water)
___________________mixture: two or more pure substances that are not evenly mixed (ex: salt & pepper)
homogeneous
heterogeneous

12. homogeneous
heterogeneous

13. Label each of the following with: Element (A), Compound (B), Mixture of Elements (C), Mixture of Compounds (D), or Mixture of compounds and elements (E) B C D D A B B E E

14. Label the following as… Element, mixture, or compound Heterogeneous or homogeneous#
Substance
Element/mixture/compound
Homo/Heterogeneous 1
Oxygen 2
Air 3
Blood 4
Brass (Cu & Zn) 5
Food Coloring 6
Soda 7
Silver 8
Oil and water 9
Candle wax 10
Ice
(Mixtures Only)
Element
N/A
Mixture
Homogeneous
Homogeneous
Mixture
Homogeneous
Mixture
Homogeneous
Mixture
Homogeneous
Mixture
N/A
Element
Mixture
Heterogeneous
Compound
N/A
Compound
N/A

15. D. Chemical Vs. Physical Properties
Chemical Property: The ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions to form __________ substances.
new

16. D. Chemical Vs. Physical Properties
Physical Property: A quality of a substance that can be _______________ or ____________without changing the substance’s chemical composition.
________________ Properties depend on the amount of substance present.
________________ Properties are the same no matter how much you have.
observed
measured
Extensive
Intensive

17. You Try: Label the Common Physical Properties: Intensive (I) or Extensive (E)
Mass ______ Electrical Conductivity ______ State of matter ______ Volume ______ Solubility (dissolve) ______ Viscosity ______ *Boiling point ______ Color ______ Length ______ *Density ______ Odor _______ Malleability (moldable) ______ *Melting Point _______ Ductility (stretchable) _______ I E I I I I E I I I I I

18. E. Matter Can Undergo Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical Changes: In a physical change the __________________ of a sample doesn’t change even though its ____________, ____________, or ___________________________ (solid liquid, or gas) has changed.
identity
size
shape
Physical state

19. Condense
Freeze
Melt
Evaporate
Solid
Liquid
Gas

20. E. Matter Can Undergo Physical and Chemical Changes
Chemical Changes: When one or more chemical substances (reactants) are _____________________ to one or more DIFFERENT chemical substances (products) a chemical change has occurred.
changed

21. E. Matter Can Undergo Physical and Chemical Changes
Indications that a chemical change has occurred include:
Energy (Heat or light) is released or absorbed.
Change in color or odor
Production of gas or solid (precipitate) from a liquid
Chemical change is often irreversible.

22. Physical or chemical? P P P P P C C C C
Water Boils ______ Bending Wire ______ Salt dissolves ______ Iron Melts ______ Cutting of grass ______ Firefly emits light ______ Milk Spoils ______ Burning Coal _______ Metal chair Rusts _______ P P P C C C C

23. Law of Conservation of Mass
“Mass is neither created or destroyed”
Mass of the reactants (the stuff being put into the reaction) must equal the mass of the products (the stuff made once the reaction has taken place).
Reactants Products
Mass = Mass

24. hydrogen + oxygen  water 72 g 8 g + 64 g = ? Law of Conservation
8 g of hydrogen react completely with 64 g of oxygen, how much water is produced?
hydrogen +
oxygen 
water
72 g
8 g +
64 g = ?

25. NH4NO3 (s)  2 N2 (g) + O2 (g) + H2O (g) + 40 g = 14 g + 8g ?
Law of Conservation
NH4NO3 (s)  2 N2 (g) + O2 (g) + H2O (g) +
40 g =
14 g + 8g ?
40 g = ?
22 g +
40 g – 22 g
= 18 g