1. Bridge to the 20th Century
Industry, Immigration, and Reform- The Progressive Movement

2. The Origins of the Progressive Movement

3. The Progressive Movement
Who were they?
Journalists and writers, intellectuals, and political reformers.
How did it start?
Began with dissatisfied farmers and spread to middle-class city dwellers.

4. What did they want to do?
Protect social welfare
Promote Moral Improvement
Create Economic Reform
Foster Efficiency

5. Protecting Social Welfare
Social Gospel Movement and Settlement House Movement
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)
Salvation Army

6. Promoting Moral Reform
Prohibition
The legal banning of alcohol was pushed for by reformers

7. Prohibition Seen as a way to Protect women against violence
Uplift immigrants

8. Prohibition Attacking saloons
Saloons provided cheap meals, cashed paychecks, and provided meeting places.
Attacks drew negative response from immigrants.

9. The Vote for Women
Seen as the next step to promoting moral reform in society by women’s groups.

10. Creating Economic Reform
Corruption in business and government attacked.
Muckrakers
Definition
Journalists who wrote about the corruption of business and politics.

11. Fostering Efficiency Scientific Management Definition
The effort to improve efficiency in the workplace by applying scientific principles.

12. Assembly Line and Henry Ford
Ford Motor Company used assembly line to assemble cars.
Increased production
Turned people into machines that exhausted themselves.

13. To attract workers Ford paid $5 a day and reduced the work day to 8 hours.

14. Cleaning Up Government

15. Reforming Local Government
Power had to be taken from the corrupt political machine and given back to the people

16. City Commissions
City councils replaced by appointed commissions that ran certain city departments.
City-Manager
Appointed position where a qualified individual ran the city’s departments.

17. Reforming State Government
Reform of business
States began passing laws to reform business and industry.
Business had been buying off politicians to protect their industries.

18. Reforming State Government
Child Labor
Problems
Health concerns
Accidents
Led hard adult lives

19. Child Labor States take on Child Labor
Supreme Court struck down child labor legislation from Congress
States passed laws limiting and banning child labor and cut it in half in a decade.

20. Limiting Working Hours
Muller v. Oregon
Supreme Court ruled a state could limit the working hours of women

21. Limiting Working Hours
Results
Led to other states following suit and soon limits were in place for men.
10 hour days

22. Workers Compensation
In 1902 states began passing laws to pay benefits to injured employees in dangerous occupations.

23. Reforming Elections How do you reform elections?
Give power to the people
States adopted the secret ballot

24. Reforming Elections Initiative and Referendum
State gave ordinary people the right to make law through the initiative and referendum.

25. Initiative - bill created by ordinary people placed on ballot
Proposition
Referendum- was a vote by the public on the initiative

26. Reforming Elections Recall
Enabled voters to remove elected officials by holding a special election before the end of their term.

27. Election of Senators 17th Amendment- Direct Election of Senators
Until the 17th Amendment Senators were selected by state legislators-and by political machine bosses.

28. Women in Public Life

29. Role of Women On the Farm Critical to family success and survival
As Domestic Workers
Women of all races, but mostly of low economic class, served as domestic servants throughout the United States

30. Role of Women In Industry
At first women did low skill jobs for more than half of what men got paid.
As business expanded women began to fill the roles of secretaries and teachers.

31. Women as Reform Leaders
Suffrage
Women’s groups had united to try and get the vote for women.
3 Part Plan

32. First- convince state governments to grant the vote
Western states began to do so in 1869
Second- Get Supreme Court to rule on women and voting.
Supreme Court did rule that women were citizens, but that did not guarantee the vote.

33. Third- Push for a constitutional amendment
Kept getting rejected.

34. Teddy Roosevelt and the Square Deal

35. Background Roosevelt was born into a wealthy New York family
Sickly as a child (asthma) he grew to push himself to excel physically.
Graduate of Harvard
Married Twice
Inspiration for the Teddy Bear

36. Published author and recognized expert on US wildlife
Cattle Rancher

37. Public Service NY State Assemblyman NYC Police Commissioner
Asst. Secretary of the US Navy
Governor of NY
Vice-President

38. The Modern Presidency TR was 1st “modern” president
Used popularity to shape policy
Influenced press and used them to gain influence
Saw presidency as a defender of the people against growing government power.

39. Using Federal Power

40. TR sought to see that the people got what he called a “square deal” from government.

41. Labor Strikes 1902 Coal Strikes
5 months into the strike winter was threatened and reserves were low.
TR forced both sides to meet with an arbitration commission which mediated (settled) the dispute

42. Labor Strikes
Result
TR established the right/responsibility of the federal government to intervene in labor disputes.
Showed disputes could be settled in an orderly manner- no violence.