1. Ch. 5: Anxiety
Occasional anxiety is a normal, manageable reaction to short-term, stressful situations.
Anxiety: The condition of feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen.

2. Anxiety: Normal or a more serious problem?

3. Anxiety Anxiety: Normal or a more serious problem?
Occasional anxiety is a natural response to life events/stress. Usually, once the stressful situation is over, the anxiety it caused goes away too. If not, the anxiety may be more serious (possibly an anxiety disorder) and a person should consider seeking help.

4. Types of Anxiety Disorders
Types of anxiety disorders include:
Phobias: A phobia is a strong, irrational fear of something specific, such as heights or social situations.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): This disorder involves persistent thoughts, fears, or urges (obsessions), which lead to uncontrollable repetitive behaviors (compulsions). One common example is an obsessive fear of germs that leads to constant hand washing.
Panic disorder: People with this disorder experience attacks of sudden, unexplained feelings of terror. These “panic attacks” are accompanied by physical symptoms such as trembling, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, or dizziness.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): This condition may develop after exposure to a traumatic event, such as a car accident or a violent attack. Symptoms include flashbacks (reliving the event mentally), nightmares, emotional numbness, guilt, sleeplessness, and trouble concentrating.
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): People with GAD feel excessively worried and tense for no reason. They startle easily and have difficulty concentrating, relaxing, and sleeping.

5. Depression
Depression: Prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness.

6. Depression
Depression: Prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness.
Like anxiety, sadness is a feeling that affects everyone from time to time. Depression, however, usually lasts longer and may produce additional symptoms that do not go away over time. Depression is a serious condition that requires medical help.

7. Depression: Normal or a more serious problem?

8. Depression Depression: Normal or a more serious problem?
Most of the times, feelings of sadness will pass. If feelings of sadness do not pass after a few weeks it may be necessary to seek help from a mental health professional.

9. Depression Depression: Normal or a more serious problem?
Most of the times, feelings of sadness will pass. If feelings of sadness do not pass after a few weeks it may be necessary to seek help from a mental health professional.
Depression is often characterized by feeling:
Sadness
Hopelessness
Helplessness

10. Forms of Depression
Mental health experts have identified three forms of depression. Forms of depression include:

11. Forms of Depression
Mental health experts have identified three forms of depression. Forms of depression include:
Major depression, which is intense and can last for weeks or months.

12. Forms of Depression
Mental health experts have identified three forms of depression. Forms of depression include:
Major depression, which is intense and can last for weeks or months.
Mild or chronic depression, also known as dysthymia, which has less severe symptoms, but can persist for years.

13. Forms of Depression
Mental health experts have identified three forms of depression. Forms of depression include:
Major depression, which is intense and can last for weeks or months.
Mild or chronic depression, also known as dysthymia, which has less severe symptoms, but can persist for years.
Adjustment disorder, a reaction to a specific life event such as the death of a loved one. Adjustment disorder can also take the form of anxiety that lasts much longer than normal anxiety.

14. Warning Signs of Major Depression
Five or more of these symptoms must persist for two or more weeks before a diagnosis of Major Depression is indicated.
Persistent sad or irritable mood
Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed (apathy)
Change in appetite or body weight
Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping
Restlessness or irritability
Loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
Feeling hopeless
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

15. Getting Help for Depression
Treatments can include:
Medication
Changes in the home or school environment
Counseling

16. Getting Help for Depression
Treatments can include:
Medication
Changes in the home or school environment
Counseling
Treating depression requires:
Time
Persistence
Patience

17. Getting Help for Depression
Treatments can include:
Medication
Changes in the home or school environment
Counseling
Treating depression requires:
Time
Persistence
Patience
If you recognize signs of depression in yourself or a friend, discuss your concerns with a trusted adult. If a friend asks you not to tell anyone that he or she is depressed, it’s okay to break that promise. It could literally save your friend’s life.

18. Mental Disorders
Mental disorders are illnesses. These medical conditions require diagnosis and treatment, just like a physical illness and injury. However, many people do not seek treatment.
Why?

19. Mental Disorders
Mental disorders are illnesses. These medical conditions require diagnosis and treatment, just like a physical illness and injury. However, many people do not seek treatment.
Why?
Two common reasons:
Feelings of embarrassment or shame.

20. Mental Disorders
Mental disorders are illnesses. These medical conditions require diagnosis and treatment, just like a physical illness and injury. However, many people do not seek treatment.
Why?
Two common reasons:
Feelings of embarrassment or shame.
Fear of stigma associated with mental disorders.
Stigma: A mark of shame or disapproval that results in an individual being shunned or rejected by others.

21. Mental Disorders
Mental disorders are illnesses. These medical conditions require diagnosis and treatment, just like a physical illness and injury. However, many people do not seek treatment.
Why?
Two common reasons:
Feelings of embarrassment or shame.
Fear of stigma associated with mental disorders.
Stigma: A mark of shame or disapproval that results in an individual being shunned or rejected by others.
This is unfortunate, because many mental and emotional problems cannot be solved without professional help.

22. Types of Mental Disorders
Each year, approximately 57.7 million people in the United States are affected by some form of mental illness. That’s nearly one in every five Americans.

23. Types of Mental Disorders
Each year, approximately 57.7 million people in the United States are affected by some form of mental illness. That’s nearly one in every five Americans.
There are hundreds of mental illnesses recognized by the “DSM-5”, the fifth and most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (The DSM is the official classification and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association).
What we will cover in this course is only a small sampling of these, including several of the most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses.

24. Impulse Control Disorders
People with impulse control disorders cannot resist the urge to engage in hurtful behaviors. Some examples include:

25. Impulse Control Disorders
People with impulse control disorders cannot resist the urge to engage in hurtful behaviors. Some examples include:
Kleptomania: the uncontrollable urge to steal.
Self-harm: People deliberately injure themselves. Examples of self-harming behaviors including cutting or burning the skin or pulling out hair.
Pyromania: deliberately setting fires to feel pleasure or release tension.
Excessive (or compulsive) gambling: People continue gambling despite heavy losses, even if they feel the desire to stop.
Compulsive shopping: People uncontrollably spend money on items that they can’t afford and don’t need.

26. Eating Disorders
As teenagers contrast their growing bodies with images of “perfect” bodies that they see in the media, they may feel pressure to change the way they look. This can lead them to develop harmful eating behaviors. Eating disorders are most common among girls, but they affect boys as well. Eating disorders can lead to unhealthful weight loss or weight gain and even cause death. Some examples include:

27. Eating Disorders
As teenagers contrast their growing bodies with images of “perfect” bodies that they see in the media, they may feel pressure to change the way they look. This can lead them to develop harmful eating behaviors. Eating disorders are most common among girls, but they affect boys as well. Eating disorders can lead to unhealthful weight loss or weight gain and even cause death. Some examples include:
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge Eating Disorder

28. Anorexia Nervosa
People with anorexia often develop obsessive behaviors related to food. These may include:

29. Anorexia Nervosa
People with anorexia often develop obsessive behaviors related to food. These may include:
avoiding food and meals
eating only a few kinds of food in very small amount
weighing or counting the calories in everything they eat
exercising excessively
weighing themselves repeatedly.

30. Anorexia Nervosa
People with anorexia often develop obsessive behaviors related to food. These may include:
avoiding food and meals
eating only a few kinds of food in very small amount
weighing or counting the calories in everything they eat
exercising excessively
weighing themselves repeatedly.
Anorexia can cause the same health problems as malnutrition or starvation. Body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure may drop. The bones may become brittle, and the body's organs may actually shrink. Anorexia nervosa can lead to heart problems and sudden cardiac death.

31. Bulimia Nervosa Similar to anorexia in some ways: Fear of weight gain
Dissatisfaction with their bodies.
Instead of avoiding food all the time, they regularly go on binges, eating a huge amount of food in a single sitting. During a binge, they may feel out of control, often gulping down food too fast to taste it. After the binge, they purge to rid their bodies of the excess food. They may force themselves to vomit or take laxatives to flush the food out of their system. Instead of purging, some people with bulimia may fast or exercise frantically after a binge.

32. Bulimia Nervosa
Unlike people with anorexia, bulimia sufferers are usually in the normal weight range for their age and height. However, this disease can cause serious health problems. It can lead to dehydration, sore and inflamed throat, and swollen glands. It can also damage the stomach, intestines, or kidneys. People who purge by vomiting may damage their teeth by exposing them regularly to stomach acid. Purging can also cause chemical imbalances in the body. In severe cases, these imbalances can lead to irregular heart rhythms, heart failure, and death.

33. Other Mental Illnesses
Mood disorder: Illness that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living.
Examples: Depression, Bipolar Disorder

34. Other Mental Illnesses
Mood disorder: Illness that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living.
Examples: Depression, Bipolar Disorder
Conduct disorder: Pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated.
Example behaviors: stealing, cruelty, lying, aggression, violence, truancy (skipping school), arson (setting fires), and vandalism

35. Other Mental Illnesses
Mood disorder: Illness that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living.
Examples: Depression, Bipolar Disorder
Conduct disorder: Pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated.
Example behaviors: stealing, cruelty, lying, aggression, violence, truancy (skipping school), arson (setting fires), and vandalism
Personality Disorder: Illness in which a person is unable to regulate their emotions. They may feel distressed in social situations or behave in ways that are distressing to others.

36. Schizophrenia The word schizophrenia means “split mind.”
A mental illness in which a person is “split from” or loses touch with reality.
Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders.
Extremely rare.
Often confused with Multiple Personality Disorder.
Professional help and medication are needed to overcome this illness (there is no cure currently).

37. Suicide Prevention
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teens aged 15 to 19. Each year, about 4,000 teens commit suicide.

38. Suicide Prevention
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teens aged 15 to 19. Each year, about 4,000 teens commit suicide.
Why?

39. Suicide Prevention
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teens aged 15 to 19. Each year, about 4,000 teens commit suicide.
Why?
Some individuals, unable to deal with their emotional pain, seek to escape by ending their lives. The sad reality is that they do not actually wish to die.

40. Risk Factors
Two risk factors are common among victims of suicide. More than 90 percent of them either:

41. Risk Factors
Two risk factors are common among victims of suicide. More than 90 percent of them either:
Suffer from depression or another mental disorder…
Have a history of abusing alcohol or other drugs…
Or both.

42. Recognizing the Warning Signs

43. Recognizing the Warning Signs

44. How Can You Help?

45. How Can You Help? Start a meaningful conversation. Show empathy.
Offer support and ask questions.
Try to persuade the person to seek help.

46. How Can You Help? Start a meaningful conversation. Show empathy.
Offer support and ask questions.
Try to persuade the person to seek help.
Regardless of the outcome of your conversation, tell an adult about the problem. If the adult doesn’t seem to believe the threat is serious, then talk to other adults until someone agrees to take action.

47. How Can You Help? Start a meaningful conversation. Show empathy.
Offer support and ask questions.
Try to persuade the person to seek help.
Regardless of the outcome of your conversation, tell an adult about the problem. If the adult doesn’t seem to believe the threat is serious, then talk to other adults until someone agrees to take action.
If a friend asks you not to tell anyone that he or she is considering suicide, it’s okay to break that promise. It could literally save your friend’s life.

48. Teens should seek help if they experience any of the following:
When to Get Help
Teens should seek help if they experience any of the following:

49. When to Get Help
Teens should seek help if they experience any of the following:
Feeling anxious, trapped, or worrying all the time
Feelings that affect sleep, eating habits, schoolwork, job performance, or relationships
Becoming involved with alcohol or other drugs
Becoming increasingly violent, aggressive, or reckless

50. When to Get Help
Teens should seek help if they experience any of the following:
Feeling anxious, trapped, or worrying all the time
Feelings that affect sleep, eating habits, schoolwork, job performance, or relationships
Becoming involved with alcohol or other drugs
Becoming increasingly violent, aggressive, or reckless
Seeking help is a sign of courage and strength, NOT of weakness

51. Overcoming the “Stumbling Blocks”
Some individuals may be hesitant or reluctant to seek help. In order to overcome these feelings, it may help to remember these facts:

52. Overcoming the “Stumbling Blocks”
Some individuals may be hesitant or reluctant to seek help. In order to overcome these feelings, it may help to remember these facts:
Seeking help is a sign of courage and strength, NOT of weakness.
Mental illness often cannot be resolved without professional care.
Sharing your thoughts and feelings can be a great relief.
Financial help may be available.

53. Where to Get Help
Seeking help is a sign of courage and strength, NOT of weakness
Who to talk to:

54. Where to Get Help
Seeking help is a sign of courage and strength, NOT of weakness
Who to talk to:
Parent/guardian
Teacher
Coach
Guidance counselor
Youth group leader
Priest/pastor/clergy member
Crisis hotlines
Any trusted adult
Additional Resources: Catholiccentral.net  Students  Guidance Office

55. Mental Health Professionals:
Where to Get Help
Mental Health Professionals:

56. Where to Get Help Mental Health Professionals: Counselors
School psychologists
Psychiatrists
Neurologists
Clinical psychologists
Psychiatric social workers

57. Treatment Methods Psychotherapy Behavior therapy Cognitive therapy
Family therapy
Group therapy
Drug therapy