1. Chapter 6 Primary residential design Considerations
AT 201 – Architectural Drafting
September 15, 2017
Dr. Dan Trent

2. Objectives Explain key site planning considerations
Evaluate the costs and requirements for building a residential home
Describe the working drawings used to build a structure.

3. Key Terms Building code Building section Construction details Deed
Electrical Plan
Elevation
Equity
Floor Framing Plan
Floor plan
Foundation plan
Gross annual income
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) Plan
Landscaping Plan
Pictorial Presentation
Plot Plan
Plumbing Plan
Roof Framing Plan
Roof Plan
Site
Specifications
Title
Title search
Topography
Working drawings
Zoning

4. Site Considerations
The site is more than just a piece of property – it is part of a larger community.
A hilly or sloping site is
ideal for a split level home.
The structure should
appear to be part of the site.

5. Topographical Features
Topography is the physical characteristics of the land on the site.
These factors may limit the type of structure that may be built.
If the site is rural and you must provide water and septic system, extra care must be taken in the selection of the proper site.
If a home is to have its own septic system and water supply, the lot should be at least 1 acre in size. Local codes may require a larger site or allow a smaller site.

6. Site Features Found on a TOPO Map
Slope
Contour
Size
Shape
Elevation
Trees
Rocks
Soil Conditions

7. Costs and Restrictions
Price of the site or lot
Needed improvements
Grading
Fill
Tree removal
Drainage

8. Cost and Restrictions
It is not possible to state exactly what percentage of the total cost of a home should be allowed for the site.
Corner lot? The cost of the lot should take into account the amount of frontage it has and the cost for improvements (grading, tree removal, drainage, etc.)
The document that lists any legal claims against a property is called a title.

9. Cost and Restrictions
Ownership of the property is transferred through a legal document called a deed.

10. Cost and Restrictions
A title search is required by law in many areas before a deed may be transferred to a new owner to determine if there are legal claims against the property.
A good idea even if not required
Title insurance is a good idea, too!
Ownership of the property is transferred through a legal document called a deed.

11. Zoning and Codes
Zoning is a planning tool used by communities to restrict the kinds of structures built in various areas.
Zoning is usually based on local building codes according to the type of business or residence, such as commercial, single-family, or multi-family use.

12. Zoning and Codes
Building codes specify requirements for construction methods and materials for plumbing, electrical, and general building constrictions.
Generally all construction and remodeling requires a building permit from the town, city, or village.

13. The Community
The community and neighborhood should be evaluated on the following points.
Is the neighborhood a well-planned community? Or has the neighborhood developed naturally with no central theme or forethought? Which do you prefer?
Are existing homes in the community in the price range of the house you plan to buy or build?

14. The Community
The community and neighborhood should be evaluated on the following points.
Is the community alive and growing, or is it rundown and dying?
Is there room for growth, or is it restricted?
Do residents take pride in there homes and keep them well maintained? Or are many homes in disrepair?

15. The Community
The community and neighborhood should be evaluated on the following points.
Are there good schools and convenient shopping?
Services available? Fire protection water and sewer, natural gas, garbage collection, etc.
Near your work?
Public transportation available?

16. HOUSING CONSIDERATIONS
When planning for a new house you must consider:
Family needs
Budget for housing

17. HOUSING CONSIDERATIONS Family Needs
Accommodating guests
Bathing
Dressing
Dining
Entertaining
Family Recreation
Hobbies
Housekeeping
Laundering
Preparing Food
Relaxing
Sleeping
Storage
Studying
Working/home office

18. Budget for Housing
When choosing a house to build or buy, you need to determine how much you can spend on housing. Probably your most expensive purchase!
4 Factors to Determine how much you can afford to spend on housing:
Income
Other expenses and obligations
Housing needs
Expected future income

19. Budget for Housing
Gross annual income is the amount of money you earn before taxes and other deductions
Housing cost is not limited to the monthly mortgage or rent payment alone.
It also includes utility cost, property taxes for an owned residence and insurance.
Rule of Thumb – Sale price of house should be no more than 2-1/2 times your gross annual income.

20. Budget for Housing Other monthly housing costs: Utility costs
Property taxes
Homeowners
Your monthly mortgage payment should not exceed 1/3 of your monthly take home pay (your earnings after taxes and other deductions have been subtracted)

21. Budget for Housing
In general most lenders will not provide a mortgage that requires payments of more than 28% of your gross monthly income
Equity is the amount the house is worth minus the amount owed

22. Working Drawings
Working drawings – all of the drawings and related specifications needed to construct a house.
PRIMARY PLANS typically include:
Plot Plan
Foundation Plan
Floor plan
Elevations
Electrical Plan
Construction Details
Building sections
Specifications

23. Primary Plans
Plot Plan – shows the location of the house on the site. It shows utilities, topographical features, site dimensions, existing trees or vegetation, and any other buildings on the property
Foundation Plan – specifies the foundation size and materials to be used. It provides information about excavation, waterproofing, and supporting structures. It may include the basement plan

24. Primary Plans
Floor plan – shows all exterior and interior walls, doors, windows, patios, walks, decks, fireplaces, mechanical equipment, built in cabinets, appliances, and bathroom fixtures
Elevations – orthographic projections showing the exterior features of the building (all 4 sides). Shows the placement of windows and doors, the type of exterior materials used, exterior steps, the chimney, rooflines, overhang dimensions and other exterior details

25. Primary Plans
Electrical Plan – Drawn from the floor plan, it locates switches, electrical outlets, ceiling fixtures, television and cable jacks, LAN connections, the service entrance location and the panel box. It also provides general information concerning circuits and special installations
Construction Details – Used when more information is needed to fully describe how the foundation, wall or roof construction is to be completed. Typically kitchens, stairs, chimneys, fireplaces, windows and doors and foundations

26. Primary Plans
Building sections – vertical “cuts” or slices” through a structure that illustrate the type of foundation. Also clarifies the change in floor levels throughout a structure
Specifications – describe the materials and quality of work to be performed. Provides additional information not noted or shown on the drawings. Takes legal precedence over working drawings if a conflict arises.

27. Other Plans
Roof plan – should be included if roof is intricate and not clearly shown by standard drawings
Roof framing plan – clarifies construction aspects associated with the roof. Should be included if the roof is complex and requires special construction techniques. Shows rafters, ceiling joists, fascia boards, and supporting members such as headers and beams

28. Other Plans
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) plan – shows components of climate control system including the furnace, air conditioner, heating and cooling ducts and water pipes used for heating purposes
Plumbing plan – Shows the location of pipes and plumbing fixtures including hot and cold water pipes, waste lines, vents, cleanouts and storage tanks if needed

29. Other Plans
Landscaping plan – locates and identifies plants and other elements included in landscaping the site.
Pictorial presentation – a rendering showing how the structure will appear when finished

30. Review Questions
How does the TOPOGRAPHY of a site affect the home that can be built on it?
In addition to the actual price of a building site, what other factors contribute to its cost?
What is the difference between ZONING and BUILDING CODES?
When planning for a new house, what 2 housing considerations should you address?
In addition to monthly mortgage or rent, what other monthly costs are considered housing costs?

31. Review Questions
Describe a method of estimating the MAXIMUM monthly amount you can spend on housing.
In general, what is the highest percentage of monthly gross income a mortgage lender will approve for payments on a home loan
What are WORKING DRAWINGS?
List 5 PRIMARY PLANS included in a set of working drawings.
Purpose of SPECIFICATIONS in working drawings