1. The Seven Senses Sense Where it comes through Picture Sight Hearing
Eyes
Hearing
Ears
Smell
Nose
Taste
Mouth
Touch
Skin
Balance (vestibular)
Inner Ear
Body Awareness
(proprioception)
Muscles and Joints

2. Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception key Terms

3. 1. Sensation: the stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain).
Hunger

4. 2. Perception: the psychological process through which we interpret sensory stimulation.
Taste
Smell
Touch
Sight
Hearing

5. 3. Absolute threshold: the weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed.

6. 4. Difference threshold: the minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli.

7. 5. Signal-detection theory: a method of distinguishing sensory stimuli that takes into account not only their strengths but also such elements as the setting, your physical state, your mood, and your attitude.

8. 6. Sensory adaptation: the process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli.

9. 7. Pupil: the opening in the colored part of the eye.

10. 8. Lens: adjusts to the distance of objects by changing its thickness.
9. Retina: the sensitive surface in the eye that acts like the film in a camera.

11. 10. Photoreceptors: neurons that are sensitive to light.

12. 11. Blind spot: point where the optic nerve leaves the eye and the area that lacks photoreceptors

13. 12. Visual acuity: the sharpness of vision.

14. 13. Complementary: Colors across from each other on the color wheel or circle.

15. Retina sensitive to red, green, or blue (rest are combinations)
14. Afterimage: a color’s complementary color.
Blue – yellow , red – green, black – white
Retina sensitive to red, green, or blue (rest are combinations)
15. Cochlea: a bony tube that contain fluids as well as neurons that move in response to the vibrations of the fluids.

16. 16. Auditory nerve: the cranial nerve that carriers sound from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain.

17. 17. Conductive deafness: damage to the middle ear which hinders amplification (loudness)
18. Sensorineural deafness: damage to the inner ear which distorts perception of certain frequencies.

18. 19. Olfactory nerve: sends or transports odors to the brain.

19. 20. Gate theory: suggests that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time.

20. 21. Vestibular sense: tells you whether you are physically upright without having to use your eyes.
22. Kinesthesis: the sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual body parts.

21. 23. Closure: the tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in what your senses tell you.

22. 24. Proximity: nearness
25. Similarity: people see things of similar objects as belonging together.

23. 26. Continuity: people prefer to see smooth continuous patterns, not disrupted ones.
27. Common fate: assuming a group doing similar things are together and have the same purpose.

24. 28. Stroboscopic motion: the illusion of movement is produced by showing the rapid progression of images or objects that are not moving at all.

25. 29. Monocular cues: need only one eye to be perceived.
30. Binocular cues: both eyes are required to be perceived.

26. 31. Retinal disparity: a binocular cue for perceiving depth based on the difference between the two images of an object that the retina receives as the object moves closer or farther away.

28. October 30 Agenda: EQ- How is info processed by our sensory organs?
Table of Contents:
44. The Big 5 Chart- Imp. Ideas in Sensation
Agenda:
Intro Activities- Visual Tests
Sensation Theories
At First Sight
Standard- BF2 Sensation and Perception

35. Touch Hearing Vision Smell Balance (Vestibular) Taste Sensation
Stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of sensory info to the CNS
Sensation
Vision
Touch
Hearing
Body Awareness
Smell
Balance (Vestibular)
Taste

36. Important Sensation Theories

37. Important ideas in sensation
Absolute Threshold
Weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed
ex: candle flame viewed at night from about 30 miles
Difference Threshold
Minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
Two different shades of blue
Sensory Adaptation
Process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less stimuli to unchanging stimuli
In a dark movie theater you start to see better over time; city dweller stop hearing traffic sounds
Signal Detection Theory
Method of distinguishing stimuli that also takes into account variable elements like setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is important
Our classroom has a buzzing sound constantly, you don’t notice it when you are working
When you are annoyed the “small things” stand out to you
Gate Theory
Only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time
If you press on a “boo boo” it hurts less

39. Test your absolute threshold for hearing:

40. Mosquito Test

41. Important ideas in sensation
Absolute Threshold
Weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed
ex: candle flame viewed at night from about 30 miles
Difference Threshold
Minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
Two different shades of blue
Sensory Adaptation
Process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less stimuli to unchanging stimuli
In a dark movie theater you start to see better over time; city dweller stop hearing traffic sounds
Signal Detection Theory
Method of distinguishing stimuli that also takes into account variable elements like setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is important
Our classroom has a buzzing sound constantly, you don’t notice it when you are working
When you are annoyed the “small things” stand out to you
Gate Theory
Only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time
If you press on a “boo boo” it hurts less

42. 50 Shades of Red

43. Important ideas in sensation
Absolute Threshold
Weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed
ex: candle flame viewed at night from about 30 miles
Difference Threshold
Minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
Two different shades of blue
Sensory Adaptation
Process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli
In a dark movie theater you start to see better over time; city dweller stop hearing traffic sounds
Signal Detection Theory
Method of distinguishing stimuli that also takes into account variable elements like setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is important
Our classroom has a buzzing sound constantly, you don’t notice it when you are working
When you are annoyed the “small things” stand out to you
Gate Theory
Only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time
If you press on a “boo boo” it hurts less

44. Important ideas in sensation
Absolute Threshold
Weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed
ex: candle flame viewed at night from about 30 miles
Difference Threshold
Minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
Two different shades of blue
Sensory Adaptation
Process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less stimuli to unchanging stimuli
In a dark movie theater you start to see better over time; city dweller stop hearing traffic sounds
Signal Detection Theory
The stimuli we take in also depends on things like our setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is important at that time/in that situation
When you are annoyed the “small things” stand out to you
Gate Theory
Only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time
If you press on a “boo boo” it hurts less

45. Important ideas in sensation
Absolute Threshold
Weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed
ex: candle flame viewed at night from about 30 miles
Difference Threshold
Minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
Two different shades of blue
Sensory Adaptation
Process by which we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less stimuli to unchanging stimuli
In a dark movie theater you start to see better over time; city dweller stop hearing traffic sounds
Signal Detection Theory
The stimuli we take in also depends on things like our setting, mood, physical state- We focus on what is important at that time/in that situation
When you watch a scary movie and you’re home alone, you will start to hear sounds that you normally wouldn’t notice
Gate Theory
Only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a time
If you press on a “boo boo” it hurts less

46. November 3 Agenda: Review Sensation Theories and Sensory Deprivation
EQ- How do our senses interact with each other to give us a complete experience?
Agenda:
Review Sensation Theories and Sensory Deprivation
Sensory Deprivation Lab
Lab Reflection
Table of Contents:
45. Sensory Deprivation Lab

47. Visual Deprivation Lab
Page 45
Visual Deprivation Lab
Objective: To see the effects of sensory deprivation on the other senses and to better understand the psychological effects it may have .

48. Procedures:
Get your blindfold and sit with your chosen partner
You will need to keep time during the lab – each demonstration will be 25 minutes, with a 5 minutes rest in between to switch roles
Decide who will be “blind” first and who will be the “leader” “Leader” is allowed to take blind person all over the campus, BUT NO stairs are allowed, no restrooms with members of the opposite sex, no occupied classrooms, no office areas, or media center (if occupied by classes), at least 100 feet from road, stay away from cars in parking lot.
Every now and then, spin them around (a little) to see if they still know WHERE they are.

49. 5. IF your partner gets hurt when they are the “blind” person – you will FAIL or have to do alternate activity to receive credit
IF there is a drill, alarm, or emergency of any kind, lab is OVER and you are to go to the nearest class room and explain to the teacher that you need to wait with their class until event has passed. Once you return to class after event has passed, I will teacher to confirm attendance during event.

50. 7. Think about how this lab makes you feel, BUT don’t discuss it
7. Think about how this lab makes you feel, BUT don’t discuss it UNTIL after we have done reflection at end of lab – we will start class when you return with discussion of “stories” you have about your experiences.
After first round, be back at end of 25 minutes (1 point off per minute late) – change blindfolds and start second round – another 25 minutes
We will finish with written reflections BEFORE discussion
I will also be walking around to mark off pairs as I see them – NO loitering or socializing in hallways
You WANT to impress administration and faculty, by trying to use this lab to better understand how your senses interact – not play around

51. Reflection For “Blind”
My role in part 2 ____________________________________
For “Blind”
How did you feel after first putting on the blindfold? Did your feelings change over time? How? Why do you think that is so?
Were there any instances where you felt like your other senses were helping you to “see” your environment? Explain.
Did you trust your leader? Why or why not?
For “Leader”
How did you feel when you first started leading your blind person around? Did your feeling change over time? How? Why?
How did your blind person do? Were they able to use other sensory cues to determine their location? Give specific examples.
What were some interesting situations that took place on your walk?

52. Lab Reflection Did you enjoy this lab? Why or why not?
Do you feel that you gained any insight on what being blind is like?
Overall, how did you feel as a blind person?
What did this lab teach you about sensory deprivation?
Is there anything about your experience that I should be aware of?
Favorite part?
Least favorite part?

53. November 6
EQ- What is inattentional blindness? How does our brain “create” what we see? What is selective attention? BF2
Table of Contents:
46. Other Theories Chart
47. Theories Scenarios
Agenda:
Discuss Inattentional Blindness, Selective Attention, Change Blindness
Scenarios
Brain Games

54. More Sensation Theories
Selective Attention: our brains focus attention on particular stimuli that are of interest to us
Ex: Noisy lunchroom- you still hear your friends
Inattentional Blindness: Since our brains are using selective attention, we are “blind” to all of the things happening around us that we aren’t paying attention to
Ex: Someone steals your purse while you are standing and talking to your friends.
Change Blindness- when you are really focused on something else, you may not notice if a change is made to your environment
Ex: You are focused on your homework and don’t notice that your mom changes the channel from the show you’re watching
Pop-Out Phenomenon- some stimuli are so strong and different from everything else that they POP OUT at us and we notice them.
Ex: Where’s Waldo

55. Your dog can hear the dog whistle but you can’t!
Which Theory?
Absolute Threshold Difference Threshold Sensory Adaptation
Signal Detection Selective Attention Inattentional Blindness
Change Blindness Pop-Out Phenomenon
Your dog can hear the dog whistle but you can’t!
I was concentrating so hard on my math test that I didn’t notice when a different teacher came in and started sitting at the front of the room.
We easily spotted the new student in the crowded lunchroom because she was the only one not in uniform.
I was anxiously waiting for my mom to get home for work and I heard every noise, thinking it was the garage door opening.
I can tell the difference between two shades of grey, but my husband can’t.
You can easily pick out the sound of your friends voices as you walk down the hallway.
You don’t notice all of the signs for different stores as you drive down the road.

56. November 13 Agenda: What do you see? (1-11)
EQ- What are the major theories for perception? BF4
Table of Contents:
48. Sensation and Perception Crossword
49. Perception Theories
50. Gestalt Principles Examples
Agenda:
What do you see? (1-11)
Discuss/Notes on Theories of Perception
Locating Gestalt Principles
HW- Study your crossword puzzle, vocabulary and notes- quiz on Monday!

57. Fun theories in perception

58. Closure Figure Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness
Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture
Figure Ground
We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)
Proximity
Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit
Similarity
Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit
Continuity
We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted
Connectedness
We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

59. Perception- our mind’s ability to make sense or meaning from the sensory messages
Gestalt psychologists- believe our minds like to view things as a “whole” or complete picture- so we take certain steps to organize the things that we see in a way that makes them complete or whole
EX: What do you see:

60. Closure

62. Closure Figure Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness
Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture
Figure Ground
We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)
Proximity
Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit
Similarity
Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit
Continuity
We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted
Connectedness
We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

63. Figure Ground
We always designate one thing as the object (figure) and one thing that the surroundings (ground)
We then focus on the figure while ignoring the ground
Ex: In a crowded area, the person you are talking to is the figure, everything else is the ground

64. What about…..

65. Many optical illusions play on this concept:
Whether you see the vase, or the two phases depends on how you are defining figure/ground

68. Closure Figure Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness
Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture
Figure Ground
We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)
Proximity
Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit
Similarity
Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit
Continuity
We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted
Connectedness
We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

69. Proximity
We see objects that are close to each other as belonging together.

71. Closure Figure Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness
Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture
Figure Ground
We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)
Proximity
Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit
Similarity
Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit
Continuity
We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted
Connectedness
We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

72. Similarity
We like to group similar objects together

74. Closure Figure Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness
Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture
Figure Ground
We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)
Proximity
Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit
Similarity
Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit
Continuity
We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted
Connectedness
We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

75. Continuity
We like to see smooth continuous lines instead of broken-up ones- OR can also be used to show movement through something

77. Closure Figure Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness
Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture
Figure Ground
We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)
Proximity
Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit
Similarity
Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit
Continuity
We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted- OR- our eyes move through an object and onto a separate one
Connectedness
We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

78. Connectedness
Things joined together are perceived as belonging together.

79. Closure Figure Ground Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness
Our brains will finish off missing elements of an image to make a whole picture
Figure Ground
We focus on one object (figure) and the rest is the surroundings (ground)
Proximity
Things that are close together are viewed as part of one unit
Similarity
Things that are alike are viewed as belonging together as one unit
Continuity
We view lines as continuous instead of interrupted
Connectedness
We viewed things that are connected together as belonging together as one unit

80. A Paragraph without Gestalt Principles!

82. Which Gestalt Principle?

83. Gestalt theories in advertising:

84. Your task:
Select one or two magazines. Flip through the magazines paying special attention to logos, advertisements and page layouts. Select TWO examples of items utilizing Gestalt principles of perception. Glue them down on a piece of paper and identify which principle they are using and why you think it is that type.

85. Study for Sensation and Perception Quiz
November 17
EQ- How do the Gestalt theories of perception apply to our everyday lives? BF4
Agenda:
Review for Sensation and Perception Quiz
Review Gestalt Principles
Perception Episode: Face Blindness
Table of Contents:
51. Face Blindness
Study for Sensation and Perception Quiz

86. Review of Gestalt Theories

87. Face Blindness Called Prosopagnosia- or Face Agnosia
People who suffer from it can not recognize people’s faces- even close friends and family members
They must rely on other visual and auditory cues: hair, clothing, voice
Believed to affect up to 2% of the population!
Do you have faceblindness?

88. ESP: Is There Perception Without Sensation? Video

89. Extrasensory Perception - ESP
Perception through means other than sensory organs
Precognition
Psychokinesis
Telepathy
Clairvoyance
Precognition - Able to perceive future events in advance
Psychokinesis - Mentally manipulating or moving objects
Telepathy - Direct transmission of thought or ideas from one person to another
Clairvoyance - Perception of objects that do not stimulate sensory organs

90. Method for studying the existence of ESP
Ganzfield Procedure
Method for studying the existence of ESP
No reliable evidence for existence of ESP
Truth or Fiction? Some people can read other people’s minds. FALSE There is no adequate scientific evidence that people can read other people’s minds.