1. DOMAIN EUKARYA & THE FOUR KINGDOMS

2. KINGDOM PROTISTA
Made up of fungus-like, algae-like, plant-like or animal-like organisms
Either single celled or multi-celled
Can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic
Mainly defined by what they are NOT: not bacteria, fungi, plants or animals

4. KINGDOM PROTISTA
Fungus-like Protists: form filaments or stalks with spores (similar to fungi)
Algae-like Protists: Autotrophs that perform photosynthesis
Animal-like Protists (Protozoa): Heterotrophs that consume other living cells or dead organic matter.
Many cause diseases such as amoebic dysentary
caused by Entamoeba histolytica

5. MODEL PROTIST Heterotrophic
Widespread in freshwater, brackish and marine environments
Easily cultivated; widely used in labs

6. KINGDOM FUNGI Heterotrophic organisms that recycle dead organic matter
Grow from threadlike filaments called hyphae
Cell walls made of chitin (same as insects)

7. KINGDOM FUNGI
Some form symbiotic relationships with plants by taking in nutrients from roots
Fungi reproduce asexually
Representatives include:
Mushrooms -Yeast
Mildew -Truffles
“Athletes foot” fungus -Bread Mold

8. KINGDOM PLANTAE Consists of all land plants
Large variety ranging from ferns and mosses to conifers and flowering plants
Autotrophic; Carry out photosynthesis
Adapted to life on land to avoid desiccation – drying out

9. KINGDOM PLANTAE
Developed leaves for photosynthesis, stems for framework, roots for water/nutrient absorption
Deciduous trees – shed leaves in response to seasonal changes

10. KINGDOM ANIMALIA All animals; multi-celled heterotrophic
Cells organized into tissues
Most reproduce sexually
Cephalization – form a head and brain
Bilateral Symmetry:
Body divided into left
And right that mirror
Each other

11. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Undergo period of development in which three tissue layers (germ layers) form
1. Ectoderm (outer layer) – becomes skin and nervous system
2. Mesoderm (middle layer) – becomes blood and bone
3. Endoderm (inner layer) – becomes digestive system
Coelom – fluid filled cavity forms to protect organs

12. From Primitive Animals… …To More Complex Animals
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
From Primitive Animals…
…To More Complex Animals
Lives in water
Adapted to live on land
Two cell layers: ectoderm and endoderm
Three cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
No cephalization
Cephalization, with brain and complex sensory organs
No bilateral or radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry, with well developed anterior end and posterior end
No coelem
Coelem forms in the developing embryo
Unspecialized aggregations
Cells in specialized groups called tissues, organs and organ systems
Basically immobile
Mobile