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Grouping organisms in a logical order

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1 Grouping organisms in a logical order
Classification Grouping organisms in a logical order

2 Taxonomy Organisms have a universally accepted name.
Using this scientific name ensures that you have the correct organism (ex. Grass) Scientific names are given in the Genus species format called binomial nomenclature

3 Carolus Linnaeus and Classification
Grouping organisms to reflect their anatomical similarities. All living things were originally divided into two groups; plants and animals. His system is currently in use today, but with many changes.

4 Modern Classification System All living things can be divided into three domains
These domains are based upon the similarities of their RNA. It is thought that these similarities represent evolutionary relationships.

5 Relationships based upon SSU rRNA
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

6 These are the “true” bacteria.
DOMAIN: Bacteria

7 Characteristics of DOMAIN: Bacteria
Single celled organisms that lack a nucleus. Rigid cell walls containing peptidoglycan Reproduce asexually or by conjugation Can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic Very diverse

8 Many live in extreme environments.
DOMAIN: Archae Many live in extreme environments.

9 Characteristics of DOMAIN: Archaea
Single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Rigid cell walls lacking peptidoglycan Reproduce asexually or by conjugation Live in extreme environmental conditions. Differ from Eubacteria in their ribosomal RNA, their sensitivity to antibiotics, and in the many other organic chemicals that they produce.

10 DOMAIN: Eukarya

11 Characteristics of DOMAIN: Eukaryotes
Have a nucleus or come from a cell that has a nucleus. Hereditary information is in the form of chromosomes. Protista, Fungi, Plants and Animals all belong to the Domain Eukaryotes

12 The Domain Eukaryote can be divided into Kingdoms
Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista

13 KINGDOM: Plantae

14 Characteristics of Plantae
Multicellular Photosynthetic and have chloroplast The cell walls of all plants are made of cellulose Most plants live on land.

15 KINGDOM: Animalia

16 Characteristics of Animals
Are multicellular Do not have cell walls Are heterotrophic with internal digestion Reproduce sexually Can move about in their environment

17 KINGDOM: Fungi

18 Characteristics of Fungi
Unicellular or Multicellular Cell walls contain chitin Sessile (they do not move) Life cycle includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Hetertrophic with external digestion by use of enzymes

19 KINGDOM: Protista

20 Characteristics of Protista
All the remaining eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi. Most are unicellular, but several are multicellular organisms Autotrophs or heterotrophs (Protists that are photosynthetic are called algae) It is believed that with new knowledge this kingdom will be divided into several new kingdoms.

21 Linnaeus’ Hierarchical system of Classification
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species animalia chordata mammalia primates hominidae homo sapiens

22 genus species identifier Homo sapiens sapiens subspecies

23 Bibliography Campbell, Neil, Lawrence Mitchell and Jane Reece. Biology Concepts and Connections. Austin Wesley Longman Inc Maddison, David R. The Tree of Life A Web Project. March 3, Towle, Robert. Modern Biology. Holt, Reinhart and Winston: Austin

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