1. Bell Ringer:
What do you think you need to consider before decorating the interior or exterior of a home?

2. 3.1 Define elements of design as related to housing
Objective:
3.1 Define elements of design as related to housing

3. Elements of Design

4. What are the Elements of Design?
Space
Line
Shape
Form
Texture
Color
Each of these elements plays an important role in the overall success of a design, whether it is created for a home’s exterior, a specific room, or a piece of furniture.

5. SPACE

6. Space
Space is the area provided for a particular purpose. It may have two dimensions (length and width) such as a floor, or it may have three dimensions (length, width, and height), such as a room or dwelling.

7. Space
Any space, no matter what size or shape, can be divided into distinct parts.

8. Too little space can create a feeling of being exposed.

9. Space
Very large rooms designed for many people can produce a lonely feeling when a person is alone.

10. Space is affected by the number and size of objects in it.

11. Space
Many objects scattered throughout a room will most likely destroy the design effect because the space will have no apparent organization or unity.

12. Objects grouped into large units will create a more ordered space.

13. Space
When space changes gradually, it is more pleasing than when it changes abruptly.
When space changes suddenly, the eye shifts from one view to the other without making a smooth transition.

14. LINE

15. Different types of lines have different effects on design.
Line is the visual direction of a design. It can be used to emphasize a pleasing element or disguise an undesirable one.
Different types of lines have different effects on design.

16. Vertical Lines
Vertical lines lead the eye up, adding height, formality, and strength to a design.
Can be seen in:
Tall furniture
Columns
Pillars
Striped wallpaper
Long narrow draperies

17. Vertical Lines
Vertical lines can make rooms seem more spacious than they actually are and ceilings appear higher.

18. Horizontal Lines Can be seen in: Long, low roofs
Long, low furniture pieces such as sofas and chests
Horizontal lines lead the eye to the left or right, suggesting informality and restfulness.

19. Horizontal Lines
Horizontal lines can make buildings, rooms, and furniture seem wider and shorter.

20. Diagonal lines suggest action, movement and excitement.
Can be seen in:
Staircases
Cathedral ceilings
Gable Roofs

21. Diagonal Lines
Diagonal lines can be overpowering and tiring, so they should be used sparingly in design.

22. Too many curved lines create a busy look.
Can be seen in:
Doorway arches
Ruffled curtains
Curved furniture
Rounded accessories
Too many curved lines create a busy look.

23. Curved lines add a softening, graceful effect to designs.

24. Line
In design, one type of line should dominate. Others can be added for interest.
For example, if horizontal lines dominate a room, accessories with diagonal or curved lines may be added.

25. Bell Ringer: What is your favorite color? What color is your bedroom?
What color looks best on you?

26. SHAPE

27. Shape is a flat image with two dimensions:
Length and Width.

28. Shape
Shape is created by intersecting lines to form squares, rectangles, and triangles.

29. Connecting one continuous line to make a circle also creates shape.

30. Shape
These are perfect geometric shapes, which are very pleasing to the eye.

31. Shape
Imperfect geometric shapes tend to create tension and attract greater interest.

32. Shape Shape may be: Shiny and reflect images- mirrors
Transparent and create visual effects - window glass
Textured and absorb light and sound - window treatments and carpeting
Hard or Soft
Plain or patterned
Colored light or dark

33. FORM

34. Form is the outlined edges of a three- dimensional object.
It has length, width, and depth (or height) as well as volume and mass.

35. Form Other examples of forms are found in furniture and architecture.
Thin, delicate forms appear fragile, even when built of sturdy materials.
Large, heavy forms provide stability to a design scheme.

36. Form Related forms tend to look better together than unrelated forms.
A room is more pleasing if the form of the dominate piece is repeated in minor pieces and accessories in a room.
The same is true for architectural features.

37. The Six Elements of Design: SPACE LINE SHAPE FORM TEXTURE COLOR

38. TEXTURE

39. Texture Texture is a surface’s tactile quality.
Tactile refers to the perception of touch.

40. Texture In design, texture appeals to sight as well as touch.
Words used to describe textures:
Ribbed
Crinkled
Rough
Smooth

41. Texture
Often patterns or colors are used to create the illusion of texture. Smooth surfaces reflect more light than rough surfaces, making them look lighter and brighter. Rough surfaces absorb more light, making them look darker and less intense.

42. Texture
A room with the same texture throughout is monotonous, but too many different textures can appear disjointed and distracting. Most well-designed rooms have a dominate texture with accents of contrasting textures.

43. COLOR

44. Color Color is considered the most important element of design.
Each color has three characteristics: hue, value, and intensity.

45. Color
Hue is the name of a color. Red, green and blue-violet are examples of hues. A color may be lightened or darkened, brightened or dulled, but the hue will remain the same.

46. Color
Value is the lightness or darkness of a hue. The value of a hue can be made lighter by adding white. This produces a tint. Pink is a tint of red, made by adding white to red. A hue can be made darker by adding black. This produces a shade. Maroon is a shade of red.

47. Color
Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a hue. Adding some of its compliment can lower the intensity of a hue. The compliment of a hue is the color directly opposite it on a standard color wheel. Examples of high intensity colors include hot pink and fire-engine red. Low intensity colors include rust and smoky blue.

48. Color
Color schemes look best when one color dominates. Dominate color should cover about two-thirds of the room area. An equal split between areas of dominate and subordinate color is far less pleasing.

49. Color
There should be a background color that is common to the entire room, and it’s usually one that is neutral and will remain the same even if changing the accent color scheme.
Accent colors are colors that can easily be changed.
It’s less expensive to change the accent colors compared to the larger expense of changing the background color.

50. Activity:
This activity is a creative exercise—so be CREATIVE!!!—There is no right or wrong way to do it as long as you follow the basic directions.
Get a plain white sheet of paper from the teacher. Divide the provided paper into 11 sections. (The sections do not have to be rectangular or even regular or all the same size, but each section should be large enough to do the assigned work). In each section, you will create a design. Use different colors and different art materials—don’t use just crayons or just markers for example.
**NOTE: Read through the directions before beginning so you will have an idea of what you are supposed to be doing in each section. This will help with your planning.

51. In each of the 11 sections on your page, do one of the following:
In one section, draw a design of your name! (Don’t just WRITE your name, DESIGN it)!
In one section, create a design made up of straight lines.
In one section, create a design made up of curved lines.
In one section, create a design made up of dots.
In one section, create a design made up of circles and triangles.
In one section, create a design made up of flower shapes.
In one section, create a design made up of straight lines and dots.
In one section, create a design made up of curved lines and circles.
In one section, create a design made up of leaf shapes.
In one section, create a design made up of arrow shapes and straight lines.
In one section, create a design made up of straight lines, curved lines, and shapes.

52. Bell Ringer:
Name one rule when using color to define your design.

53. Elements of Design Color Gives great life and beauty to room
Expresses the personality of entire family
Set the mood of a room
Make room seem warmer or cooler
Change the apparent size and shape of a room
Tie other design elements together
Disguise architectural flaws
Creates a center of interest
3.3

54. Elements of Design - Color
Color Wheel
P – primary
S – Secondary (P+P)
T – Tertiary (P+S)
3.2

55. Warm and Cool Colors Cool Colors – Colors of the ocean
green
blue
violet
Warm Colors – Colors of the sunset
yellow
orange
red

56. Common Color Schemes

57. Basic Color Schemes Monochromatic--variations of one color only
light blue, blue, and dark blue
Complementary--made up of 2 colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel
blue and orange
red and green

58. Basic Color Schemes (cont.)
Triadic--3 colors the same distance from one another on the color wheel
red, blue and yellow
Analogous--2 or more colors next to each other on the color wheel
blue green, green, and blue
Split complementary--results when a color is combined with colors on each side of its complement
blue, red-orange, yellow-orange

59. Bell Ringer:
What is considered the most important element of design?

60. 3.2 State the guidelines for using the principles of design
Balance - formal and informal
Emphasis - center of interest or focal point
Harmony (Unity) - parts of design related
to one idea
Proportion - golden rectangle, mean, and
section
Rhythm - repetition, gradation, radiation

61. 3.2 Name the principles of design
When used together in design, the elements of color, line, form, and texture make sense only when certain principles of design are applied to them. They are:
Proportion
Balance
Emphasis
Rhythm
Harmony

62. Name the principles of design
Proportion--the way one part of a design relates in size or shape to another or to the whole.
Based on form and size
unequal proportion is more pleasing
Furniture and accessories that are too large will crowd a small room and make the room seem even smaller.

63. Name the principles of design
Balance--gives a feeling of equal weight among parts of a design.
Formal--objects on each side of an imaginary centerline are the same
Informal--the objects on each side of the center are different in size, form, texture, or color

64. Name the principles of design
Emphasis--the point of greatest interest
examples--fireplace, flower arrangement, artwork

65. Name the principles of design
Rhythm--feeling of movement, leading the eye from one point to another
Repetition--repeating color, line, form, texture
Opposition--rhythm formed by lines meeting at right angles
Gradation--created by a change in color value from dark to light
Radiation--lines extend outward from a central point, such as a bouquet of flowers
Transition--rhythm found in curved lines

66. Name the principles of design
Harmony--the feeling that all parts of a design belong together.
Variety is interesting if objects grouped together have something in common such as color

67. Bell Ringer:
1. Window treatments or no window treatments? 2. What kind of window treatments do you prefer?

68. 3.3 Identify the components of interior backgrounds
Countertops
Flooring
Window treatments
Wall treatments

69. Café Curtains - a plain straight-hanging curtain usually hung in pairs on a pole by loops or rings and used to cover the lower part of a window or door.

70. Pile – carpet texture

71. Resilience - the ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape; elasticity.

72. Swag - a curtain or piece of fabric fastened so as to hang in a drooping curve.

73. Shutter - each of a pair of hinged panels, often louvered, fixed inside or outside a window that can be closed for security or privacy or to keep out light.

74. Terrazzo - flooring material consisting of chips of marble or granite set in concrete and polished to give a smooth surface.

75. Traverse rod - A curtain rod, curtain rail, or traverse rod is a device used to suspend curtains, usually above windows or along the edges of showers, though also wherever curtains might be used.

76. Valance - a length of decorative drapery hung above a window to screen the curtain fittings.

77. Bell Ringer:
Do you prefer a sofa and loveseat in a living room or a community of chairs?
Turn in your BW for this week.

78. 3.4 Identify period furniture
American - Windsor, Duncan Phyfe, Shaker
English - Queen Anne, Chippendale, Hepplewhite
French - Louis XIV, Empire, Art Nouveau

79. Bell Ringer:
What did you learn from your research on furniture styles? Be specific.
Prepare to present your research.

80. Bell Ringer:
Do you like big, bulky furniture or delicate and intricate furniture? Maybe you prefer something even different from these two. Tell me what you prefer in a piece of furniture. One or two sentences will be fine.

81. Windsor

82. Duncan Phyfe

83. Shaker

84. Queen Anne

85. Chippendale Named after its most popular designer, Thomas Chippendale
Crafted in England, other parts of Europe, and the American Colonies caused there to be various forms of Chippendale.
The best known Chippendale design is a broad-seated, ribbon- back chair, with a back rail in the form of a cupid’s bow, and the center support in the back composed of carved interlacing ribbons.

86. Hepplewhite

87. Louis XIV Named after the king of France Louis XIV
1663 after Louis XIV assumed absolute power of France
Carved and gilded wooden furniture

88. Empire

89. Art Nouveau 1890-1914 French term meaning “new art”
Sometimes asymmetrical
Long lines, often whimsical in nature
Leaves, flowers, vines
Dark colors – mustard yellow, dark red, olive, brown, some violets and blues

90. Essential Furniture Terminology:
Cabriole leg
Case goods
Claw-and-ball foot
Eclectic
Gate-leg table
Highboy
Hutch
Turning
Veneer
Wing chair

91. Furniture Terminology:
1. A cabriole leg is one of (usually) four vertical supports of a piece of furniture shaped in two curves; the upper arc is convex, while lower is concave; the upper curve always bows outward, while the lower curve bows inward; with the axes of the two curves in the same plane.

92. Furniture Terminology:
2. Case goods are items that are built with interior compartments for storage. They are one of the three classifications of furniture: upholstery, occasional, and case goods. Upholstery refers to furniture that has fabric or leather and padding stretched over a frame. Case goods generally refers to furniture made of hard materials, such as wood, metal, glass or plastic.

93. Furniture Terminology:
3. Claw-and-ball foot furniture has feet fashioned to represent a bird's claw gripping a ball; often carved entirely of wood as seen in many Chippendale style furniture pieces, but examples featuring a metal claw gripping a glass ball are also common.

94. Furniture Terminology:
4. Eclectic - deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources.

95. Bell Ringer:
How much do you think a good quality new sofa would cost?

96. Furniture Terminology:
5. Gate-leg table - a table with hinged legs that swing out from the frame to support the drop leaves that make the surface of the table larger.

97. Furniture Terminology:
6. Highboy - a tall chest of drawers on legs.

98. Furniture Terminology:
7. Hutch - a set of shelves or cabinets placed on top of a lower unit with a counter and either drawers or cabinets. Hutches are often seen in the form of desks, dining room, or kitchen furniture. 

99. Furniture Terminology:
8. Turning - the action of shaping wood with a lathe.

100. Furniture Terminology:
9. Veneer - a thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material.

101. Furniture Terminology:
10. Wing back chair - a comfortable chair that has a high back with pieces that extend forward at the sides.

102. 3.5 Explain guidelines in the selection of furniture
Affordability
Durability of materials
Quality of construction
Style and appearance

103. 3.6 State factors to consider in the arrangement of furniture
Essential Terms:
Scale
Furniture size
Room use
Structural features
Traffic patterns
Activity – Do furniture layouts online.

104. 3.7 List factors to consider when selecting major appliances
Energy costs
Features
Quality
Purchase price
Safety
Size
Styles

105. Activity Research furniture care. (i.e., wood care)
Research upholstery cleaning.
Research removal of stains.
Create your own furniture line.