1. The Reform of European Spiritual Life
The Reformation
The Reform of European Spiritual Life

2. Terms and Names Indulgences: Release from punishments due for a sin
Reformation: 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of new Christian churches.
Lutheran: Member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther
Protestant: Member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation
Peace of Augsburg: Agreement in 1555 declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler.
Annul: Cancel or put an end to
Anglican: Relating to the Church of England

3. Names and Terms
Predestination: Doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be saved.
Calvinism: Religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin.
Presbyterian: Member of a Protestant church governed by elders and founded by John Knox
Theocracy: Government controlled by religious leaders.
Anabaptist: Member of a Protestant group during the Reformation who believed only adults should be baptized. Also believed that church and state should be separate.
Catholic Reformation: 16th Century Catholic reform movement in response to the Protestant Reformation
Jesuits: Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
Council of Trent: Meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers.

4. Timeline of the Reformation
Timeline Handout

5. Causes of the Reformation
Pages in your textbook
Why was the Church criticized?
Problems:
People resented paying taxes (tithes) to support the Church in Rome
Church Practices were criticized.
Popes seemed more concerned with luxury and political power than with spiritual matters
Local priest were under educated/uneducated and were not able to teach the people
Many priests lived immoral lives
Broke the law of celibacy
Events:

6. Causes of the Reformation
What kinds of changes did Church critics want to make?
To become more spiritually minded and humble.
Erasmus
Thomas More

7. The Role of the Bible and the Print Press
Why did the bible become such an important book during this time period?
What role did the printing press play in this?
Why was having a bible in your native tongue so important?
What was the native language of the early church?
How did this change over the middle ages and into the Renaissance?

8. Luther Challenges the Church
Page 489 in your textbook
How did the Reformation begin
What role did Martin Luther play in the Reformation?
What did Luther do in 1517?

9. The Response to Luther Pages 490-492
What affects did Luther’s protest have?
Why did Luther’s ideas lead to war?
How did people within the Holy Roman Empire react to Luther and the development of Lutheranism?
1520: Luther is excommunicated by the Catholic Church
1521: He is declared an outlaw and a heretic by the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V
1524: German peasants revolt
1555: Peace of Augsburg

10. English Reformation Begins
Film “Fire and Faith”
Who is William Tyndall?
Who is John Wycliffe?
Who is Thomas Cranmer?
Who is Thomas More?
What do all these English reformers have in common?
What are some differences?

11. England Becomes Protestant
Pages in your textbook
How did England become Protestant?
What role did Henry VIII play in creating the Church of England?
What was his major motivation for being willing to separate from the Catholic Church?
Who was his most trusted advisor in this process?
What happened to Thomas More?
What is the Act of Supremacy?
When was in approved by the English Parliament?
When was the Anglican Church established?
Compare and Contrast the Catholic Church and the Church of England

12. Calvin Continues the Reformation
Pages in your textbook
Who is John Calvin?
What did Calvin teach?
Predestination
Theocracy
What is Calvinism?
Who is John Knox?
What did he do with Calvin’s teachings?
Presbyterian Church
What were people’s reactions to the teachings of Calvin and his followers?

13. Other Protestant Reformer
Pages
Who were two women that played important roles in the Reformation? Describe the roles they played.
Marguerite of Navarre
Katherina von bora
What other religions came out of this movement?
Calvinism
Presbyterianism
Anabaptists
Who are they?
What about their teaching were so different?

14. The Catholic Reformation
Pages in your textbook
What was the Catholic Reformation?
How do the Catholic leadership keep believers loyal?
Ignatius, a Spanish noble
Jesuits
A group of catholic believer, who have a deep devotion to Jesus
Sent missionaries to convert people to Catholism
Tried to stop the spread of Protestant faiths
Role of the Pope
Pope Paul III
Set up the Inquisition
Charged with finding, trying and punishing people who broke the rules of the church
What happened at the Council of Trent?
1545
Passed doctrines that stated that the Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final and that Christians needed to perform good works to win salvation.
Gave the Bible and the Church equal authority, upheld the practice of indulgences.

15. Catholic Reformation Pope Paul IV
He put all the previously mentioned doctrines into practice
This practice revived the Church and allowed it to survive the challenges of Protestants
Jesuits
What were the three major activities of the Jesuits?
What were the effects of these activities?
Why did these effects last so long?
What role did Popes Paul III and Paul IV play in reforming the Catholic Church?
What are some important effects of the Reformation?

16. Effects of the Reformation
The Divine Rights of Kings and the development of Absolute Monarchies.
New Protestant Religions and Churches
Reform within the Catholic Church
Religion becomes more of a personal thing
Effect on Families

17. The Legacy of the Reformation
Page 500 in your textbook
What was the legacy of the Reformation?
Protestant churches flourished
Catholic Church became more unified.
What was the result of the declining authority of the church?
Authority overall declined
Individual monarchs and states gained greater power which lead to the development of the modern nation-states
Women hoped their status in society might improve, but it did not
They were still mainly limited to the concerns of home and family
In some cases the idea of who a woman was and how she functioned in society could make her venerable to possible persecution based on religious grounds.