1. La Guerre Froide

2. Causes 1-7 1. Idéologies concurrentes 2. La Révolution Russe 1917
3. Le Pacte Nazi- Soviétique DGM août 1939
4. Le délai de l’ouverture du deuxième font
5. Les Conférences Yalta & Potsdam – 1945
6. La Bombe Atomique
7. L’Europe d’Est

3. Causes 8-15 8. Les Discours de deux Camps 9.Le discours Rideau de fer
10. Division en Allemagne
11. La Doctrine de Truman
12. Le Plan de Marshall
13. Blocus de Berlin
14. La bombe Atomique de L’URSS
15. Les Alliances Rivales

4. How did tensions between the Soviet Union & the United States influence and shape global events?

5. Defining The Cold War
Competitive ideological struggle between the superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union
Called a cold war because no direct armed conflict occurred between the two
Fought their battles through various countries across the globe in Asia, the Americas, & Africa

6. What is a Superpower?
A country with superior technological, economic, and military strength
Has the ability to dictate & control international events to suit its own interests
Used in 1944 to describe the US and SU

7. Causes of the Cold War Competing Ideologies
Soviet Union – Communist One
Party State
US – Capitalist Democracy
Both made it clear they
wanted to spread their beliefs
and influence around the world.

8. 2. The Russian Revolution 1917 February 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II overthrown in revolution by the people - elections planned, but never happened October Revolution Lenin’s Bolshevik party seized power and established a Communist state Lenin abolished private property, nationalized key industries & banks, suppressed religion, banned political parties, limited freedom of speech US sent troops during the Russian Civil War ( ) to help restore Tsar - Communists victorious and Tsar and family executed Established the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics in 1922 (USSR) - US refused to formally recognize the SU until 1933

9. 3. WWII Nazi-Soviet Pact - August 1939 Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler – to last 10 years Secretly agreed to attack and divide Poland between them (occurred Sept. 1939) Lasted until June 1941 – when Nazis attacked SU in Operation Barbarossa

10. 4. The Second Front Delay After joining the Allies in 1942, Stalin pushed US & Britain to open a 2nd front Did not occur until June 1944 – Stalin suspicious Allies wanted Nazis to kill as many Soviets as possible (80% of Nazis Military resources thrown at SU) Catastrophic losses – Stalingrad 99% of city destroyed, 2 million deaths Nazis withdrew after 200 days – turning point in the war for the Allies

11. 5. Yalta & Potsdam Conferences - 1945
US and SU disagreements over the
fate of Germany, Poland & Eastern
Europe
Stalin’s aims: sphere of influence for
security - keep territory in Poland,
Finland & Romania, establish
pro-Soviet governments in Eastern
Europe, weaken Germany through harsh reparations
US aims: curtail Soviet expansion, rebuild Germany & Eastern Europe to
ensure future economic prosperity

12. 6. Atomic Bomb SU not included in the Manhattan Project
Stalin saw it as a future
warning to the SU of
America’s power.

13. 7. Eastern Europe At the end of WWII, Soviet troops
remained in the Eastern European
countries it had freed from the Nazis
Stalin “influenced” the set up pro Soviet
Communist governments in East Germany,
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Romania, and Bulgaria
Goal: create a buffer zone to protect the
SU from future attacks (Satellite states)
US - policy of containment and domino theory

14. 8. Two Camps Speech Feb – USSR declared the world was now divided into two hostile camps of Communism and Capitalism

15. 9. Iron Curtain Speech Mar
9. Iron Curtain Speech Mar – Winston Churchill declared an “Iron Curtain” had fallen across Europe seperating the free people of Western Europe and “the enslaved” people of Soviet controlled Eastern Europe Stalin accused the West of wanting to “rule over the remaining nations of the world.”

16. 10. Divisions in Germany After Nazi defeat, Germany and capital city
Berlin were divided between the Allies
West Germany and West Berlin were
temporarily divided into zones, each
one controlled by the British, French,
and Americans
East Germany and East Berlin were
controlled by the SU
West Germany received aid to rebuild
and held free elections in 1949
East Germany left in poverty and
under the control of the SU until 1989

17. 11. Truman Doctrine 1947 – President Truman promised the US
would fight the spread of communism and
Soviet influence anywhere in the world
Financial and military help
Civil war in Greece was the first test
case – US provided $400 million in aid to
defeat the communists
Soviets saw it as a declaration of war against
Communism

18. 12. Marshall Plan 1947 – US offered economic aid ($13 billion) to all countries rebuilding after the war Stalin refused any help for SU or Eastern Europe - saw it as America spreading their ideology

19. 13. Berlin Blockade June 1948 – Soviets blockaded
West Berlin to protest the creation
of a new West Germany currency
Saw this move as American &
capitalist meddling
Blocked all road and railway
access through East Germany
Electricity in West Berlin was cut
Stalin wanted all of Berlin

20. 14. SU Atomic Bomb Test 1949 – SU detonated an atomic bomb
“First Lightning” (nicknamed Joe 1
by Americans)
US atomic superiority disappeared

21. 15. Rival Alliances
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) signed in 1949 and included
most of Western Europe and Canada. It was led by the US. 8 million soldiers
Warsaw Pact signed in 1955 and included all of Eastern Europe,
controlled by the SU million soldiers