1. Is there really a circle of life?

2. I. Ecology
A. Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
Two parts of an environment
Biotic factors- all living things
Abiotic factors- all non-living things (ex.-soil, water, light, temperature)

3. Abiotic and Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
ECOSYSTEM

4. II. Organization in the Environment
6 Levels
Individual Organism
Population- group of similar organisims
Community- different populations
Ecosystem- community and abiotic factors
Biome- all ecosystems within specific climate
Biosphere – part of the earth where all life exists

5. Ecological Levels of Organization

6. The World’s Major Land Biomes
Tropical rain forest
Temperate grassland
Temperate forest
Tundra
Tropical dry forest
Desert
Northwestern
coniferous forest
Mountains and
ice caps
Tropical savanna
Temperate woodland
and shrubland
Boreal forest
(Taiga)

7. III. All Living Things Need Energy
Producers- use sunlight to make food (plants and some protists)
Consumers- eat other organisms for food
Herbivore – eat producers
Carnivore – eat meat
Omnivore – eat meat and producers
Scavenger – feed on dead animals
Decomposers- break down dead organisms (fungi and some bacteria - recycle nutrients)

9. IV. Organization of Energy Flow
Food Chain – shows direct flow of energy

11. IV. Organization of Energy Flow
Food Chain – shows direct flow of energy
Food Web – more complex; organisms have more than one food source

12. A Food Web

13. IV. Organization of Energy Flow
Food Chain – shows direct flow of energy
Food Web – more complex; organisms have more than one food source
Energy pyramid – there is a loss of energy in each step of the food chain/web

15. D. Habitat – the environment in which an organism lives
E. Niche- the role an organism plays in its habitat
Decomposers- break down the remains of dead organisms
Producers provide oxygen in the atmosphere
Algae provides the base of marine food chains

16. IV. Types of Interactions
Interactions with the Environment
Limiting factors – scarce resources (ex: not enough food, water, or living space

17. B. Interactions Among Organisms
Competition- two or more organisms try to use the same resource

20. Interactions Among Organisms
Competition- two or more organisms try to use the same resource
Predator/Prey – When one organism eats another

23. Interactions Among Organisms
Competition- two or more organisms try to use the same resource
Predator/Prey – When one organism eats another
Symbiosis- a close long term relationship between two or more organisms

24. Symbiosis
1. Mutualism – both benefit

26. 1. Mutualism – both benefit

27. Interactions Among Organisms
Competition- two or more organisms try to use the same resource
Predator/Prey – When one organism eats another
Symbiosis- a close long term relationship between two or more organisms
1. Mutualism – both benefit

28. 2. Parasitism – one benefits while the other is harmed

30. Parasite
Host

32. Interactions Among Organisms
Competition- two or more organisms try to use the same resource
Predator/Prey – When one organism eats another
Symbiosis- a close long term relationship between two or more organisms
1. Mutualism – both benefit
2. Parasitism – one benefits while the other is
harmed

33. 3. Commensalism – when one benefits and the other is unaffected

34. 3. Commensalism – when one benefits and the other is unaffected

35. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply.
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

36. What symbiotic relationship is this?
Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm infects human the blood stream and gets a nice warm safe home there. The human may go blind or have other complications as a result.
What symbiotic relationship is this?
parasitism

37. Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
This alpheid shrimp (on
the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow
mutualism
What symbiotic relationship is this?

38. Hummingbird Moth & Flower
mutualism
This hummingbird moth is drinking the nectar of a flower. The flower gets pollinated (the moth brings pollen from other flowers) and the moth gets a tasty meal.
What symbiotic relationship is this?