1. Temperate Deciduous Forest
By: Michelle Cilli & Olivia Montero
Period 5

2. World Map

3. Abiotic Factors
Air
Soil
Rocks
Water
Sunlight
Temperature

4. Biotic Factors Deciduous trees Birch trees Red tailed hawk Coyote
Eastern chipmunk
Carpet moss

5. Climate Average temperature is 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Average amount of rainfall is 30 to 60 inches
As seasons change, the deciduous leaves change colors
In winter water becomes unavailable to many plants

6. Climate graph

7. NPP

8. Succession

9. Flow of store of nutrients

10. Habitats The deciduous forest is broken down into 5 layers:
Tree layer: (tall trees feet tall; ex. oak, maple, hickory)
Sapling or small tree layer: (smaller trees; ex. dogwood)
Shrub layer: (bushes; ex. azaleas)
Herb layer: (ex. yearly wildflowers, ferns, and ground level plants)
Ground layer: (ex. mosses, club mosses, lichens)

11. Niches
Squirrel searching for acorns and burying them in the ground; some are left behind, and form new trees.
Oak tree collecting sunlight for photosynthesis, absorbing water and minerals from soil, and providing shelter for other plants and animals.
White-tailed deer help disperse acorns
The Eastern Hophornbeam makes cone-like seeds.
Maple trees make good shelters for animals and other plants closer to the ground.

12. Food chain
Owl
Chipmunk
Acorn from oak tree
Sunlight

13. Food Web Earthworm (decomposer) Maggot (decomposer)
Millipede (detritivore)
Food Web
Skunk (scavenger)
Cardinal (omnivore)
Coyote(2nd level carnivore)
Hawk (2nd level carnivore)
Fox (1st level carnivore)
Frog (1st level carnivore)
White-tailed deer (herbivore)
Squirrel (herbivore)
Rabbit (herbivore)
Oak tree (producer)
Maple tree (producer)
Sun (producer)

14. Energy pyramid

15. Biomass Pyramid & Pyramid of Numbers
Pyramid of Numbers: a pyramid showing the feeding relationship
& the number of organisms in each trophic level.
Biomass Pyramid: A more accurate representation of energy transferred in each trophic level

16. Trophic levels

17. 10 animals/ adaptations Grizzly bears hibernate during winter
Bald eagle migrates to warmer places during fall before lakes freeze over
black bears have thick fur to protect them from harsh winters
Squirrels collect nuts and hibernate during winter
Black bears have long claws to help them climb trees
Woodchucks feed themselves as much as possible to go into hibernation during winter
Squirrels, chipmunks, and some jays store large amounts of food in the ground or hidden for when winter arrives
Snowy owls have white feathers so in winter they can camouflage easier with snow.
Pileated woodpecker has along beak in order to find food in trees, such as insects.
White tailed deer are very agile and can reach 30 mph to avoid predators such as wolves or coyotes.

18. 5 plants/ adaptation
Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter to minimize water loss
Deciduous trees grow their leaves back in summer to capture sunlight
Many trees have thick bark to protect against the cold
Wildflowers grow on forest floor early in spring because trees grow outwards too and shade the forest floor.
Ferns grow early in spring with long, quick-growing leaves so that it can absorb a lot of sunlight before other trees take over.

19. Human activity Deforestation (oxygen & environmental degradation)
Pollution (acid rain)
Land utilization (agricultural purposes)

20. Case study good
The World Wildlife Foundation is partnering with other people in hopes to protect unique forest areas from being developed.
Forests store carbon so it is essential to keep them healthy in the fight against climate change.

21. Case study bad
Pathogens and parasites have a threat on the temperate deciduous forest biome.
Pathogens and parasites can cause the loss of an entire species.
As a result, this will mess up energy flow and other factors in this ecosystem.