1. The Reformation and Northern Renaissance

2. Objectives
Summarize the factors that encouraged the Protestant Reformation.
Analyze Martin Luther’s role in shaping the Protestant Reformation.
Explain the teachings and impact of John Calvin.

3. Terms and People Diet John Calvin Predestination Geneva Theocracy
Martin Luther
Indulgence

4. The Protestant Reformation
Started in the 1500s
Northern Europe calls for church reform
Christian unity was shattered

5. Motors of the Reformation
The printing press
Spread knowledge and ideas quickly
Humanist ideas
Questioning the central force in life – the church

6. Church vs. the world
Popes competed against Italian Princes for political power
Wars were fought over papal states (under pope rule)
Plotted against Monarchs who wanted the papal states
Hired artists to beautify the church

7. Church and $$$$ To finance lifestyles the church did the following:
Charged fees for baptisms and marriages
Sold indulgences (Rich could afford)
Lessen time in purgatory
Offered for good deeds done
Many Christians were against

8. Martin Luther German Monk Despised the sale of indulgences
Argued indulgences had no place in the bible
Christians could only be saved by faith
Rejected the authority of Rome

9. Reactions to Martin Luther
Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther
Emperor Charles V declared Luther an outlaw
Many agreed with his teachings and became followers

10. Luther Teachings All has equal access to God, not just priests
Written in his 95 Theses. Posted theses on peoples doors and the church.
He wanted everyone to study the bible
Banned indulgences, confession, prayers to saints

11. Printing Press Helped spread the Luther Word
Printed the Bible into a language other then Latin
Everyone could interpret the bible

12. John Calvin Accepted most of Lutheran beliefs but added his own
Predestination – God had already determined who would and would not gain salvation
Established a theocracy in Geneva
Government where church leaders are also leaders in the government.

13. Battles Germany – Lutherans and Catholics fought Calvinists
France- Calvinists battled Catholics
Scotland- Calvinists led by John Knox help overthrow the Catholic queen.

14. Some Reformers Flee
Some reformers decided they needed a fresh start and were granted the right to start a colony in the New World.
These reformers set sail on the Mayflower and begin a new society in the America’s.

15. The Northern Renaissance
During the time of the Reformation a second renaissance was happening in Europe.
Instead of being centered around Florence this one was centered around the city of Flanders.
The ideas and technology developed here would soon spread all around Europe.

16. People of the Northern Renaissance
Johann Gutenberg
Invented the printing press with movable type.
Albrecht Dürer
Leonardo of the North, use Renaissance techniques in engraving
Erasmus
Translated the Bible into the Vernacular
Sir Thomas More
Humanist who pushed for social reform in England, beheaded, wrote Utopia
Shakespeare
Wrote many plays and is the most famous writer of the Northern Renaissance. Added 1,700 words to the English language.

17. New Ideas Printing Press Engraving The Bible in the vernacular
Vernacular – the common tongue spoken by every day people.
Oil based paints