1. Scientific Revolution
Methods, Theories and Explanations
Scientific Revolution

2. Scientific Revolution
Way of thinking about the natural world based on observation and questioning beliefs.
Taking place during the Renaissance and Reformation
Geocentric Theory- Earth is center of solar system
Old way of thinking
Heliocentric Theory- sun centered solar system
Nicolaus Copernicus
Contradicted religious views

3. Adding More Science Johannes Kepler revealed that planets move in an
elliptical pattern. (pictured on previous page)
Galileo Galilei- Italian scientists who made many discoveries in
astronomy.
Contradicted the church
Renounced his findings
Put on house arrest the rest of his life
Isaac Newton- English scientist who discovered the
universal laws of gravitation

4. Method Development
Scientific Method is created to help prove ideas logically
Question
Observe
Hypothesis
Test
Analyze
Interpret
Conclusion

5. An Intellectual Revolution
The Enlightenment

6. Age of Reason
Enlightenment- intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power for individuals to solve problems.
People questioned their governments
Europe was governed by absolute monarchies
Old Idea- Ruler is justified to rule by divine right
New Idea- Governments power comes from the consent of the governed

7. Different views of Government
Thomas Hobbes believed that there should be absolute monarchy
People were “naturally selfish and wicked”
Social Contract- people define and limit their rights thus creating government.
John Locke- believed that people should govern themselves and learn from their own experiences.
People had natural rights – life ,liberty
and property
Citizens had right to overthrow government

8. French Philosophizers
Believed that people could apply reason for everything.
Voltaire- wrote books and essays that defended freedom of speech and religion
Montesquieu- believed in a separation of powers in government.
Checks and balances
Rousseau- believed that society corrupted peoples natural goodness
Believed in direct democracy
When people JOIN a society, they GIVE UP certain freedoms in exchange for benefits

9. Impact of the Enlightenment
Challenged divine right and the union of church and state
Enlightened Despots
Strong belief in progress and science
More secular outlook
Importance of the individual