1. Unit XI) Treatment and Therapy
Chapter 18

2. A) The Field Psychologists
a) Clinical – works with classified emotional problems. Educational fields.
b) Counseling – non-formal cases; include family; marital. Educational background less clear.
2) Psychiatrists – trained doctors with expertise in mental disorders. *Able to prescribe medication.
3) ***Psychotherapists – broad term for anyone intent on relieving problems. Any Dangers?

3. 4) Related: could include school nurses, social workers, orderlies, guidance counselors, teachers.
B) Treatment – tends to be broken in to the same areas as the field of psych. and personality development.
Psychoanalytic (Freud): emphasizes anxiety as a primary issue to overcome. Often caused by animal instincts of the ID.
Methods: Free Association (uncovering truths); and Transference (of conflicts on to therapist). P.543

4. 2) Humanist (Rogers) – uses less focus on the therapist, and more on patient.
Methods:
a) “non-directive” therapy allows patient to determine the direction of sessions and discover the error of their ways on their own; b) “positive regard” in that all opinions are accepted.
3) Behavioral (Watson/Skinner) – uses rapid and active hands-on approaches.

5. Methods:
Systemic De-sensitivization – slowly “de-sensitizing” someone to a fear.
ex: elevators, heights
Aversive Conditioning – makes the undesired acts/habits unappealing. About 50% effective, short term in nature.
ex: nails, alcohol taste, shock (Cheers)
Token Economy – financial incentives for success/corrective actions.

6. 4) Group Therapy – attempts to treat multiple sufferers; share feelings, provides understanding and support for others because it allows them to identify with each other.
Ex: Grief, Various Addictions (A.A.), see handout.

7. Final Exam Part I – 35 Multiple Choice (70%)
Part II - Short Answer (10%)
Part III – Essay (20 %)
Major Areas For Review:
Personality Theories
Famous Theorists – (II)
Physical Aspects to Psychology
Learning and Intelligence
Stress/Coping
Disorders