1. Figure 26-3 Reflection from a Smooth Surface

2. Reflection
Law of reflection
qi=qr

3. Figure 26-4 Reflection from Smooth and Rough Surfaces

4. Figure 26-6 Locating a Mirror Image

5. Figure 26-8 Spherical Mirrors

6. Figure 26-9 Concave and Convex Mirrors

7. Figure 26-10 Parallel Rays on a Convex Mirror

8. Figure 26-12 Parallel Rays on a Concave Mirror

9. Figure 26-14 Principal Rays Used in Ray Tracing for a Concave Mirror

10. Figure 26-15 Principal Rays Used in Ray Tracing for a Convex Mirror

11. Figure 26-17 Image Size and Location in a Convex Mirror

12. Figure 26-18 Image Formation with a Concave Mirror

13. Example 26-3 Image Formation

14. Mirrors
The mirror equation

15. Mirrors do =distance of the object from the mirror
di =distance of the image from the mirror
f= focal length of the mirror

16. Mirrors
Magnification

17. Mirrors Distances in front of the mirror are positive.
Distances behind the mirror are negative.

18. Convex Mirror Object location Image orientation Image size Image type
Table 26-1 Imaging Characteristics of Convex and Concave Spherical Mirrors
Convex Mirror
Object location
Image orientation
Image size
Image type
Arbitrary
Upright
Reduced
Virtual
Concave Mirror
Object location
Image orientation
Image size
Image type
Beyond C
Inverted
Reduced
Real C
Same as object
Between F and C
Enlarged
Just beyond F
Approaching infinity
Just inside F
Upright
Virtual
Between mirror and F

19. Refraction
The index of refraction (n) for a medium is defined as the speed of light in vacuum (c) divided by the speed of light in the medium(v).

21. Refraction
When light transitions between two media with different indices of refraction, it will change direction if it transitions at an angle to the demarcation between the two media.

22. Refraction
Angles of incidence and angles of refraction are measured in reference to a line normal (perpendicular) to the line of demarcation between media.

23. Refraction
If a ray is transitioning from a medium of lesser n to a medium of greater n it will bend toward the normal.

24. Refraction
If a ray is transitioning from a medium of greater n to a medium of lesser n it will bend away from the normal.

25. Figure 26-24 Light Propagating Through a Glass Slab

26. Refraction
There is a mathematical relationship that is used to calculate the amount of bending called Snell’s Law.

27. Refraction

28. Mirrors Mirror problems: 19, and 21-24 on page 883.
Ray tracing worksheet.

29. Exercise 26-4 Find the angle of refraction

30. Refraction
Problems on page 883.

31. Lenses
Refractive properties of materials are useful in manipulating light for imaging purposes through the use of lenses.

32. Lenses
Lenses consist of two main types converging and diverging.

33. Figure 26-29 A Variety of Converging and Diverging Lenses

34. Figure 26-32 The Three Principal Rays Used for Ray Tracing with Convex Lenses

35. Figure 26-33 The Three Principal Rays Used for Ray Tracing with Concave Lenses

36. Figure 26-35a Ray Tracing for a Convex Lens

37. Figure 26-34 The Image Formed by a Concave Lens

38. Lenses
The lens equation

39. Lenses
Magnification

40. Lenses do =distance of the object from the lens
di =distance of the image from the lens
f= focal length of the lens

41. Lenses Focal length f is positive for converging(convex) lenses
f is negative for diverging (concave) lenses
Magnification
m is positive for upright images (same orientation as the object)
m is negative for inverted images (opposite orientation of object)

42. Lenses
Image distance
di is positive for real images (on the opposite side of the lens from the object)
di is negative for virtual images (on the same side of the lens from the object)
Magnification
m is positive for upright images (same orientation as the object)
m is negative for inverted images (opposite orientation of object)

43. Lenses do is positive for real objects (from which light diverges)
do is negative for virtual objects (toward which light converges)

44. Lenses
Problems on page 885.
Ray tracing worksheet.

45. Dispersion of light
The index of refraction in a substance is different for light of different frequencies.

46. Dispersion of light
The greater the frequency, the greater the index of refraction.

47. Dispersion of light
Violet light will bend more than red light or green light, and therefore a separation of colors occurs.

48. Example 26-8 Prismatics

49. Figure 26-37 Dispersion in a Raindrop

50. Figure 26-38 How Rainbows Are Produced

51. Dispersion of light
Problem 77 on p 885