1. Background to the Conflict Pre-Civil War Days

2. Differences Divide North and South
Regional Differences
North
More factories
People began moving to the cities to work
Less people were farming
People from other countries moved to the North
Population grew rapidly to over 19 million PEOPLE!!!

3. Plantation Life Huge plantations Needed a lot of workers
Used slave labor

4. The South Farming remained the main way to earn a living
Most were small one family farms
Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for their own families
Population was a lot smaller (11 million) than in the North (19 million)

5. The Slave Economy Many people began to turn against slavery
Cost of owning slaves was too high for most
Most slaves worked on large plantations.
Very few white Southerners could afford to own slaves.

6. “King Cotton” Cotton was hard to prepare for market
The little seeds had to be separated from the cotton.
This was very hard to do and took a LOT of TIME
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin
Made cleaning cotton easier
Farmers grew more cotton and made more money
Needed more slaves to work the cotton

7. North and South Disagree
States’ Rights
South didn’t like depending on the North’s manufactured goods
Thought the North was getting RICH off of them

8. Slavery Issue
Slavery
Settlers from the South who moved west took their slaves
Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and thought slavery was wrong.
WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in the new territories or NOT???

9. Lesson 2. Africans in Slavery and Freedom
Life Under Slavery
Slave Codes
Laws for slaves
Slaves could not leave owners’ land
Could not buy or sell goods
Not allowed to learn to read or write
Treated as property with very few privileges

10. Coping with Slavery Spirituals
Formed close knit groups to help each other
Sang religious songs to give them strength

11. Overseers
Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if they fell behind.

12. Fighting Back Fighting Back Most resisted slavery ( act against)
Quiet ways they resisted
Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like they knew nothing about it at all

13. John Brown’s Rebellion
John Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s Ferry
A white abolitionist
Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to slaves
Caught, tried, and hanged

14. Violent Resistance Violent ways to resist Nat Turner’s Revolt
Led an attack killing 57 people
He and others were caught, tried in court, and hanged

15. Running Away Running Away Many chose to run away
Found safe places to hide
Indians protected some
Hid in forest, swamps, and mountains
Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went south to Mexico
Many were helped by the Underground Railroad
Many were caught and punished for trying to escape.

16. The Underground Railroad
System of escape routes leading to freedom
Members were called conductors
Hiding places were called stations
Harriet Tubman was most famous
An escaped slave
Returned to the South over 20 times to help others

17. Free Africans Not all Africans were slaves
Some were former slaves freed by their owners
Others had bought their freedom
Some had escaped to freedom
Many lived in the cities where they had a better chance to work

18. Life for Africans…
Life for most Africans, free or not, was still hard because:
Unwelcome in many places
Often treated unfairly
Had little freedom
Not allowed to vote or meet in groups
Could not attend school or have certain jobs
Whites Only

19. Facing a National Problem
Slave State?
Free State? or
Facing a
National Problem

20. New Compromises Henry Clay
Worked hard to settle differences dividing the nation.
Congressman from Kentucky
Free state: didn’t want slavery.
Slave state: wanted slavery
Everything was EVEN until Missouri became a state.

21. The Missouri Compromise
Asked to join the U.S. as a slave state
This would make more slave states than free.
Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine would join as a free state.
Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of the Louisiana territory

22. Solutions to the Problem
North of the line = Free States
South of the line = Slave states

23. Results of the Missouri Compromise of 1820
Kept the peace for nearly 30 years
Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave and 3 free….still equal in number
AND THEN along came…California

24. The Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay to the rescue AGAIN
California = Free
New Mexico and Utah territories= people would decide

25. Fugitive Slave Law A new law that said:
Anyone caught helping slaves escape would be punished.
If you found a runaway slave, you had to return them to their owner.

26. Henry Clay, the Great Compromiser
Died in 1852
Never gave up hope in finding peaceful solutions to problems
One his grave marker it says,
“I know no North – no South – No East – No West”

27. Hopes for Peace Fade Kansas-Nebraska Act
Gave people living there the choice by voting
Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to be a free or slave state.
Tempers FLARED and over 200 people were killed in the dispute
Nicknamed “ Bleeding Kansas”

28. Dred Scott Case
Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, living in a free state, didn’t change that.
Said Scott had “none of the rights and privileges” of American citizens
Also said Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because the Constitution protects people’s right to own PROPERTY and slaves were PROPERTY!!!

29. Abraham Lincoln works for Change
Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act got everyone’s attention
Abraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of slavery
Republican Party formed to fight the spread of slavery.
Lincoln ran for Senator
Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle is ON………

30. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Abraham Lincoln
Tall, thin man from the frontier
Wore plain dark clothes
Not well known
Stephen Douglas
Heavy and a foot shorter than Lincoln
Well educated
Wore fine clothes
Senator
Well known
Both were powerful public speakers

31. Douglas
Each new state should decide the slavery question for itself.

32. Lincoln “The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to end.”
The problem is that slavery is WRONG!

33. Senate Winner Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate.
But….now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!!
Douglas Wins!

34. A Time for Hard DECISIONS

35. The Election of 1860
Democratic Party candidate: Douglas
Democratic Party south: Breckinridge
Republican Party: LINCOLN

36. Stephen A. Douglas States' Choice
West should decide for themselves about slavery.
States' Choice

37. John Breckinridge Slavery Everywhere
Democratic candidate popular with southerners
Government should allow slavery everywhere in the West.
Slavery Everywhere

38. No Slavery beyond this point!
Abraham Lincoln
Republican candidate
Against the SPREAD of slavery
Promised not to stop slavery in the South where it was already practiced.
Said he hoped it would one day END there, too.
No Slavery beyond this point!

39. Worried White Southerners
Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln were elected, slavery would be outlawed.
Some even said they would LEAVE the Union if Lincoln was elected.
Lincoln In...We're OUT

40. Lincoln Elected President
November 6, 1860
December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders seceded from the Union.
Later SIX other southern states seceded:
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas

41. The Confederate States of America
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Louisiana
Alabama
Georgia
Texas
Jefferson Davis

42. Fort Sumter Give In FIGHT Ignore
Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states go”
Others said, “Give in on the slavery question.”
Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end their revolt!”
Give In
FIGHT
Ignore

43. Lincoln’s Choices
He wanted to prevent war.
“We are not enemies, but friends.”
THE VERY NEXT DAY
An important message came from Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter:

44. Urgent! Message from Commander Anderson
Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

45. What to Do??? ? ? ? If I send supplies…Southerners might attack.
If I send troops….Southerners WILL attack.
If I do nothing…the commander will have to surrender. ? ? ?

46. Decision Lincoln decided to send supply ships
And see what the Southerners would do

47. Confederate President Davis
Davis decided to take over the fort BEFORE the supply ships arrived.
Demanded them to surrender.
NEVER!
The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, Major Anderson and his men ran out of ammunition and had to give up.

48. 11 States Strong The Civil War has Begun!
Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to stop the rebellion.
Frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with the other 7 states.
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina
11 States Strong