1. Life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The agent of chronic (West African) sleeping sickness has no clearly identified alternative or reservoir final hosts other than humans—thus, the disease appears to be chiefly an anthroponosis. The human final host provides infective blood to the tsetse vector, chiefly Glossina palpalis and other riverine species. The trypomastigotes in human blood (1), ingested by the tsetse, change from trypomastigotes (chiefly as "stumpy forms") (2) to epimastigotes, which move to the salivary glands, multiply (3), and change to infective metacyclic trypomastigotes (4), the infective stage to the human host. (Reproduced, with permission, from Goldsmith R, Heyneman D [editors]. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. Originally published by Appleton & Lange. Copyright © 1989 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.)
Source: Protozoal & Helminthic Infections, Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2017
Citation: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2017; 2016 Available at: Accessed: November 10, 2017
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