1. DO Now ?
“What then is the American, this new man? He is neither an European, nor the descendant of an European … He is an American … Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labours and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world.” — Letters from an American Farmer, 1782

2. The American Colonies Take Shape

3. Essential Question
How did English ideas about government and the economy influence life in the 13 colonies?

4. Magna Carta
Document English nobles forced King John to accept in 1215.
It protected the nobles by limiting the king’s ability to tax them and by guaranteeing due process, or the right to a trial.
Before instating a tax, the king needed permission from the nobles.
These nobles gained power and evolved into Parliament.
House of Lords (inherited mostly through rank and blood line)
House of Commons (elected commoners)

5. Why does England have such an interest in the colonies?
Economic wealth
Exporting of raw materials and importing British made goods
The colonies were being used to provide the materials England lacked
Mercantilism- nations seek to increase wealth and power by acquiring gold and silver through a balanced trade.

6. Change in Policy
Colonists were shipping goods to other countries including England.
Spain, France, Holland
They were making money
England viewed this as a threat.
Parliament, or England’s legislative body, passed the Navigation Acts.

7. export certain products to the Colonies and Europe
Navigation Acts
The Acts restricted colonial trade:
Colonies could only
export certain products to
England.
All trade between
the Colonies and Europe
must go through an
English port.
Navigation Acts
Crew members
And Captains had
to be ¾ English.
Trade permitted on
English or
Colonial ships.

8. Positive Effects Negative Effects+
Positive Effects
More jobs for English dock workers
Import taxes on goods = more money for English Treasury
Ship-building industry in the colonies -
Negative Effects
Colonial merchants did not like trade restrictions
They smuggled goods
England punished colonists for smuggling

9. What is Mercantilism?
A nation should export more than it imports to get the most gold possible
A nation’s real wealth is measured in gold
There is a fixed amount of wealth in the world
Government regulation is needed to control trade
Wealth = larger military

10. MERCANTILISM COLONIES ENGLAND $$$ RESOURCES TIMBER IRON FISH
MANUFACTURED GOODS
ENGLAND
INDIGO
RICE
COTTON

11. Negative Effects continued…..
Massachusetts gets its charter revoked
Northern colonies are combined to make one colony
The Dominion of New England
King James II
King James chose Sir Edmund Andros to be governor
He was highly disliked
Questioned the lawfulness of Puritan beliefs
Strictly enforced Navigation Acts
Outlawed local assemblies and levied taxes without consent from local leaders

12. Glorious Revolution James II King James was a Catholic
Most of England and the colonies were Protestant
James had a son who would eventually become heir to the throne and rule as a Catholic
England did not want another Catholic monarch
Parliament decided to do something about the situation
James II

13. Glorious Revolution William and Mary William and Mary
Mary was James’ daughter and she was married to William
Mary was Protestant
Parliament voted out James II and put William and Mary onto the throne
This ensured the continuation of a Protestant England
William and Mary

14. When the colonies found out about the Glorious Revolution they arrested Andros
Parliament did away with the Dominion of New England and restored the colonies to what they were before.
Salutary Neglect- England relaxed its enforcement of most regulations in return for the continued economic loyalty of the colonies.
The King appointed a governor for each colony.
Colonists paid his salary.
Governor appointed an advisory council a local assembly.
Colonists were developing a taste for self- government.

15. The Enlightenment and Great Awakening

16. Enlightenment
Philosophers in Europe began using reason and the scientific method to gain more knowledge of the world around them.
Scientists looked beyond religious doctrines to investigate how the world worked.
Who did this influence?
Sir Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Nicolaus Copernicus
They soon determined the Earth revolved around the sun and not vice versa.
They also concluded the world is governed not by chance or miracles, but by fixed mathematical laws.

17. Enlightenment
These ideas traveled across Europe and eventually to the colonies.
People read about this in books and pamphlets.
Literacy was high in New England. Puritans supported education so that people could read the Bible.
Benjamin Franklin was the colonist who embraced this movement the most.
He thought he could obtain truth through experimentation and reasoning.
Franklin believed human beings could use their intellect to improve their lives.
How did Franklin’s intellect better his life and ours?
Lightening Rod
Bifocals
Franklin Stove- heating system

18. Enlightenment Had profound effect on politics
Colonial leaders such as Thomas Jefferson used reason to conclude that individuals have natural rights, which governments must respect.
These principles led to colonists questioning authority of the British monarchy.

19. Great Awakening
The Puritan church had lost its grip on society, and church membership was in decline.
People were more focused on their current world and not as worried about the next stage of life.
Jonathan Edwards was from Northampton, Massachusetts and a member of the clergy.
He wanted to revive the intensity and commitment of the original Puritan visions and beliefs.
He preached that church attendance was not enough for salvation
People needed to acknowledge their sinfulness and feel God’s love for them
Gave the famous sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
Described God’s mercy
Other preachers traveled to multiple villages stirring people to rededicate themselves to God.

20. Great Awakening
More colonists, Native Americans, African Americans were now into more organized religions.
Some colonists abandoned their old Puritan or Anglican congregations and sought different denominations
Baptists, Methodists
Led to an increase in higher education
Different colleges: Princeton, Brown, Columbia, Dartmouth to train ministers.

21. Similarities Both caused colonists to question traditional authority.
Stressed the importance of the individual
Colonists questioned Britain’s authority over their lives.

23. The Scots and Scotch-Irish
Great Britain was formed in 1707: England, Wales, Scotland.
Became the largest immigrant group.
Motivated by poverty and easy legal access as part of Great Britian
Worked as merchants in the tobacco trade and farmed from Pennsylvania to the Carolinas
250,000 arrived in the 1700’s

24. The Germans They came to escape war, taxes, and religious persecution.
100,000 immigrants
Protestant
Became the second largest immigrant group.
They came to escape war, taxes, and religious persecution.
An immigrant in PA could obtain a farm 6 times larger than a typical peasant in Germany.

25. No group was large enough to impose their beliefs on other groups.
People realized that when they got along in a diverse society, everyone benefited.

26. Africans Transported To America
Growing colonies= growing crops= need for labor
Early 1600’s, Africans were mostly treated as indentured servants.
Freed blacks could own land, vote, even buy enslaved Africans on their own.
Mid 1600’s, most colonies began to pass laws that supported the permanent enslavement.
“All servants imported…who were not Christians in their native Country…shall be accounted and be slaves.”
Children of slaves were also considered slaves.
Change in legal status promoted a racist idea that people of African origin were inferior to whites.

27. Transatlantic Slave Trade
Once established, slavery expanded rapidly.
During the 1700’s, the British colonies imported approximately 1.5 million slaves from Africa.
The majority went to the West Indies, but at least 250,000 came to America.
Africans were kidnapped or taken in wars and sold

28. TRIANGULAR TRADE
3 part voyage
Traders sailed from Europe to Africa where they traded manufactured goods for Africans.
Then, in the Middle Passage, shippers carried the Africans across the Atlantic to the colonies.
After selling the slaves for colonial goods, the traders returned to their home countries to repeat the process.

29. Slavery in the North and South
In New England most slaves were farmhands, dockworkers, and house servants.
In the Southern colonies most worked in fields on plantations growing tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar.
Most adopted Christianity from their masters, blending it with some of their own religious traditions.

30. Rebels and Runaways Stono Rebellion in South Carolina
100 slaves tried to escape and killed 20 white peoples before being caught and executed.
Some fled to Indian villages, mostly in Florida where the Spanish welcomed them with food, land, and freedom.
They did this because they thought it would weaken the British colonies and strengthen their own militia.
Other forms of rebellion:
Working slowly
Faking illness
Pretending ignorance
Breaking tools

31. Slavery in America: Webquest